Efficacy of the Outsmart HPV Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Increase HPV Vaccination among Young Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men

Paul L. Reiter; Amy L. Gower; Dale E. Kiss; Abigail B. Shoben; Mira L. Katz; José A. Bauermeister; Electra D. Paskett; Annie Laurie McRee

doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0007

Efficacy of the Outsmart HPV Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Increase HPV Vaccination among Young Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men

Paul L. Reiter, Amy L. Gower, Dale E. Kiss, Abigail B. Shoben, Mira L. Katz, José A. Bauermeister, Electra D. Paskett, Annie Laurie McRee

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Background: Routine human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is recommended for young adults, yet many young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (YGBMSM) remain unvaccinated. We report the efficacy of Outsmart HPV, a web-based HPV vaccination intervention for YGBMSM. Methods: From 2019 to 2021, we recruited YGBMSM in the United States who were ages 18–25 and unvaccinated against HPV (n ¼ 1,227). Participants were randomized to receive either: (i) Outsmart HPV content online and monthly interactive text reminders (interactive group); (ii) Outsmart HPV content online and monthly unidirectional text reminders (unidirectional group); or (iii) standard information online about HPV vaccine (control group). Regression models compared study groups on HPV vaccination outcomes. Results: Overall, 33% of participants reported initiating the HPV vaccine series and 7% reported series completion. Initiation was more common among participants in the interactive group compared with the control group [odds ratio (OR) ¼ 1.47, 98.3% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–2.11]. Completion was more common among participants in both the interactive group (OR ¼ 3.70, 98.3% CI: 1.75–7.83) and unidirectional group (OR ¼ 2.26, 98.3% CI: 1.02–5.00) compared with the control group. Participants who received Outsmart HPV content reported higher levels of satisfaction with online content compared with the control group. Conclusions: Outsmart HPV is an efficacious and acceptable HPV vaccination intervention for YGBMSM. Future efforts are needed to determine how to optimize the intervention and disseminate it to settings that provide services to YGBMSM. Impact: Outsmart HPV is a promising tool for increasing HPV vaccination among YGBMSM with the potential for wide dissemination.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	760-767
Number of pages	8
Journal	Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention
Volume	32
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0007
State	Published - Jun 1 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The research reported in this publication was supported by the NCI of the NIH under award number R37CA226682 that was awarded to P.L. Reiter and A.-L. McRee. Additional support was provided from the Center for Health Communications Research at the University of Michigan (P30CA046592) and the Recruitment, Intervention, and Survey Shared Resource at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center (P30CA016058). This work was prepared while A.-L. McRee was employed at the University of Minnesota. The opinions expressed in this article are the authors’ own and do not reflect the view of the NIH, the Department of Human Services or the U.S. Government.

Publisher Copyright:
©2023 American Association for Cancer Research.

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Randomized Controlled Trial
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

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Reiter, P. L., Gower, A. L., Kiss, D. E., Shoben, A. B., Katz, M. L., Bauermeister, J. A., Paskett, E. D., & McRee, A. L. (2023). Efficacy of the Outsmart HPV Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Increase HPV Vaccination among Young Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention, 32(6), 760-767. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0007

Efficacy of the Outsmart HPV Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Increase HPV Vaccination among Young Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men. / Reiter, Paul L.; Gower, Amy L.; Kiss, Dale E. et al.
In: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention, Vol. 32, No. 6, 01.06.2023, p. 760-767.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Reiter, PL, Gower, AL, Kiss, DE, Shoben, AB, Katz, ML, Bauermeister, JA, Paskett, ED & McRee, AL 2023, 'Efficacy of the Outsmart HPV Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Increase HPV Vaccination among Young Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men', Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 760-767. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0007

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title = "Efficacy of the Outsmart HPV Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Increase HPV Vaccination among Young Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men",

abstract = "Background: Routine human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is recommended for young adults, yet many young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (YGBMSM) remain unvaccinated. We report the efficacy of Outsmart HPV, a web-based HPV vaccination intervention for YGBMSM. Methods: From 2019 to 2021, we recruited YGBMSM in the United States who were ages 18–25 and unvaccinated against HPV (n ¼ 1,227). Participants were randomized to receive either: (i) Outsmart HPV content online and monthly interactive text reminders (interactive group); (ii) Outsmart HPV content online and monthly unidirectional text reminders (unidirectional group); or (iii) standard information online about HPV vaccine (control group). Regression models compared study groups on HPV vaccination outcomes. Results: Overall, 33% of participants reported initiating the HPV vaccine series and 7% reported series completion. Initiation was more common among participants in the interactive group compared with the control group [odds ratio (OR) ¼ 1.47, 98.3% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–2.11]. Completion was more common among participants in both the interactive group (OR ¼ 3.70, 98.3% CI: 1.75–7.83) and unidirectional group (OR ¼ 2.26, 98.3% CI: 1.02–5.00) compared with the control group. Participants who received Outsmart HPV content reported higher levels of satisfaction with online content compared with the control group. Conclusions: Outsmart HPV is an efficacious and acceptable HPV vaccination intervention for YGBMSM. Future efforts are needed to determine how to optimize the intervention and disseminate it to settings that provide services to YGBMSM. Impact: Outsmart HPV is a promising tool for increasing HPV vaccination among YGBMSM with the potential for wide dissemination.",

author = "Reiter, {Paul L.} and Gower, {Amy L.} and Kiss, {Dale E.} and Shoben, {Abigail B.} and Katz, {Mira L.} and Bauermeister, {Jos{\'e} A.} and Paskett, {Electra D.} and McRee, {Annie Laurie}",

note = "Funding Information: The research reported in this publication was supported by the NCI of the NIH under award number R37CA226682 that was awarded to P.L. Reiter and A.-L. McRee. Additional support was provided from the Center for Health Communications Research at the University of Michigan (P30CA046592) and the Recruitment, Intervention, and Survey Shared Resource at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center (P30CA016058). This work was prepared while A.-L. McRee was employed at the University of Minnesota. The opinions expressed in this article are the authors{\textquoteright} own and do not reflect the view of the NIH, the Department of Human Services or the U.S. Government. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright}2023 American Association for Cancer Research.",

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T2 - A Randomized Controlled Trial to Increase HPV Vaccination among Young Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men

AU - Reiter, Paul L.

AU - Gower, Amy L.

AU - Kiss, Dale E.

AU - Shoben, Abigail B.

AU - Katz, Mira L.

AU - Bauermeister, José A.

AU - Paskett, Electra D.

AU - McRee, Annie Laurie

N1 - Funding Information: The research reported in this publication was supported by the NCI of the NIH under award number R37CA226682 that was awarded to P.L. Reiter and A.-L. McRee. Additional support was provided from the Center for Health Communications Research at the University of Michigan (P30CA046592) and the Recruitment, Intervention, and Survey Shared Resource at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center (P30CA016058). This work was prepared while A.-L. McRee was employed at the University of Minnesota. The opinions expressed in this article are the authors’ own and do not reflect the view of the NIH, the Department of Human Services or the U.S. Government. Publisher Copyright: ©2023 American Association for Cancer Research.

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N2 - Background: Routine human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is recommended for young adults, yet many young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (YGBMSM) remain unvaccinated. We report the efficacy of Outsmart HPV, a web-based HPV vaccination intervention for YGBMSM. Methods: From 2019 to 2021, we recruited YGBMSM in the United States who were ages 18–25 and unvaccinated against HPV (n ¼ 1,227). Participants were randomized to receive either: (i) Outsmart HPV content online and monthly interactive text reminders (interactive group); (ii) Outsmart HPV content online and monthly unidirectional text reminders (unidirectional group); or (iii) standard information online about HPV vaccine (control group). Regression models compared study groups on HPV vaccination outcomes. Results: Overall, 33% of participants reported initiating the HPV vaccine series and 7% reported series completion. Initiation was more common among participants in the interactive group compared with the control group [odds ratio (OR) ¼ 1.47, 98.3% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–2.11]. Completion was more common among participants in both the interactive group (OR ¼ 3.70, 98.3% CI: 1.75–7.83) and unidirectional group (OR ¼ 2.26, 98.3% CI: 1.02–5.00) compared with the control group. Participants who received Outsmart HPV content reported higher levels of satisfaction with online content compared with the control group. Conclusions: Outsmart HPV is an efficacious and acceptable HPV vaccination intervention for YGBMSM. Future efforts are needed to determine how to optimize the intervention and disseminate it to settings that provide services to YGBMSM. Impact: Outsmart HPV is a promising tool for increasing HPV vaccination among YGBMSM with the potential for wide dissemination.

AB - Background: Routine human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is recommended for young adults, yet many young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (YGBMSM) remain unvaccinated. We report the efficacy of Outsmart HPV, a web-based HPV vaccination intervention for YGBMSM. Methods: From 2019 to 2021, we recruited YGBMSM in the United States who were ages 18–25 and unvaccinated against HPV (n ¼ 1,227). Participants were randomized to receive either: (i) Outsmart HPV content online and monthly interactive text reminders (interactive group); (ii) Outsmart HPV content online and monthly unidirectional text reminders (unidirectional group); or (iii) standard information online about HPV vaccine (control group). Regression models compared study groups on HPV vaccination outcomes. Results: Overall, 33% of participants reported initiating the HPV vaccine series and 7% reported series completion. Initiation was more common among participants in the interactive group compared with the control group [odds ratio (OR) ¼ 1.47, 98.3% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–2.11]. Completion was more common among participants in both the interactive group (OR ¼ 3.70, 98.3% CI: 1.75–7.83) and unidirectional group (OR ¼ 2.26, 98.3% CI: 1.02–5.00) compared with the control group. Participants who received Outsmart HPV content reported higher levels of satisfaction with online content compared with the control group. Conclusions: Outsmart HPV is an efficacious and acceptable HPV vaccination intervention for YGBMSM. Future efforts are needed to determine how to optimize the intervention and disseminate it to settings that provide services to YGBMSM. Impact: Outsmart HPV is a promising tool for increasing HPV vaccination among YGBMSM with the potential for wide dissemination.

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Efficacy of the Outsmart HPV Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Increase HPV Vaccination among Young Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men

Abstract

Bibliographical note

PubMed: MeSH publication types

UN SDGs

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