TY - JOUR
T1 - Efficacy of plant-derived antimicrobials as antimicrobial wash treatments for reducing enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli O157
T2 - H7 on apples
AU - Baskaran, Sangeetha Ananda
AU - Upadhyay, Abhinav
AU - Kollanoor-Johny, Anup
AU - Upadhyaya, Indu
AU - Mooyottu, Shankumar
AU - Roshni Amalaradjou, Mary Anne
AU - Schreiber, David
AU - Venkitanarayanan, Kumar
PY - 2013/9
Y1 - 2013/9
N2 - This study investigated the efficacy of 3 GRAS-status, plant-derived antimicrobials (PDAs), trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), carvacrol (CR), and β-resorcylic acid (BR) applied as an antimicrobial wash for killing Escherichia coli O157:H7 on apples. "Red delicious" apples inoculated with a 5 strain mixture of E. coli O157:H7 were subjected to washing in sterile deionized water containing 0% PDA (control), 0.15% TC, 0.35% TC, 0.15% CR, 0.30% CR, 0.5% BR, or 1% BR for 1, 3, and 5 min at 23 °C in the presence and absence of 1% soil, and surviving pathogen populations on apples were enumerated at each specified time. All PDAs were more effective in reducing E. coli O157:H7 compared to the water wash treatment (P < 0.05) and reduced the pathogen by 4- to 5-log CFU/apple in 5 min. Chlorine (1%) was the most effective treatment reducing the pathogen on apples to undetectable levels in 1 min (P < 0.05). Moreover, the antimicrobial effect of CR and BR was not affected by the presence of soil, whereas the efficacy of TC and BR was decreased in the presence of soil. Further, no bacteria were detected in the wash solution containing CR and BR; however, E. coli O157:H7 was recovered in the control wash water and treatment solutions containing TC and chlorine, in the presence of 1% soil (P < 0.05). Results suggest that the aforementioned PDAs, especially CR and BR could be used effectively to kill E. coli O157:H7 on apples when used as a wash treatment. Studies on the sensory and quality characteristics of apples treated with PDAs are needed before recommending their usage. Practical Application: Carvacrol and β-resorcylic acid could be used as antimicrobial wash solution on apples for reducing E. coli O157:H7.
AB - This study investigated the efficacy of 3 GRAS-status, plant-derived antimicrobials (PDAs), trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), carvacrol (CR), and β-resorcylic acid (BR) applied as an antimicrobial wash for killing Escherichia coli O157:H7 on apples. "Red delicious" apples inoculated with a 5 strain mixture of E. coli O157:H7 were subjected to washing in sterile deionized water containing 0% PDA (control), 0.15% TC, 0.35% TC, 0.15% CR, 0.30% CR, 0.5% BR, or 1% BR for 1, 3, and 5 min at 23 °C in the presence and absence of 1% soil, and surviving pathogen populations on apples were enumerated at each specified time. All PDAs were more effective in reducing E. coli O157:H7 compared to the water wash treatment (P < 0.05) and reduced the pathogen by 4- to 5-log CFU/apple in 5 min. Chlorine (1%) was the most effective treatment reducing the pathogen on apples to undetectable levels in 1 min (P < 0.05). Moreover, the antimicrobial effect of CR and BR was not affected by the presence of soil, whereas the efficacy of TC and BR was decreased in the presence of soil. Further, no bacteria were detected in the wash solution containing CR and BR; however, E. coli O157:H7 was recovered in the control wash water and treatment solutions containing TC and chlorine, in the presence of 1% soil (P < 0.05). Results suggest that the aforementioned PDAs, especially CR and BR could be used effectively to kill E. coli O157:H7 on apples when used as a wash treatment. Studies on the sensory and quality characteristics of apples treated with PDAs are needed before recommending their usage. Practical Application: Carvacrol and β-resorcylic acid could be used as antimicrobial wash solution on apples for reducing E. coli O157:H7.
KW - Antimicrobial activity
KW - Apples
KW - E. coli O157:H7
KW - Organic matter
KW - Plant-derived antimicrobials
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84883784082&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84883784082&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/1750-3841.12174
DO - 10.1111/1750-3841.12174
M3 - Article
C2 - 24024692
AN - SCOPUS:84883784082
SN - 0022-1147
VL - 78
SP - M1399-M1404
JO - Journal of food science
JF - Journal of food science
IS - 9
ER -