Abstract
This study examines the immunogenicity and efficacy of four commercial swine influenza (SI) vaccines against challenge with a recent European H1N1 virus, Sw/Gent/112/07. The vaccines contained different H1N1 strains showing between 77% and 95% genetic homology with the haemagglutinin (HA) of the challenge virus. Four groups of 10 pigs each received a double vaccination, with a 4-week interval, with one of the vaccines; a fifth group served as unvaccinated controls. All pigs were challenged 3 weeks after the second vaccination intratracheally with 105.0EID50 of Sw/Gent/112/07. Sera were examined in haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests against the homologous vaccine H1N1 strains, the challenge virus and a panel of five recent H1N1 isolates. Pigs were euthanized at 24 or 72h post-challenge and virus titres were determined in right and left lung halves. Two vaccines, in which the H1N1 strains showed a genetic homology of 93% and 89% to Sw/Gent/112/07, significantly reduced virus replication. The vaccine containing an H1N1 strain with 95% homology to Sw/Gent/112/07, did not offer significant protection, neither did it induce the highest HI titres. In general, pigs with HI antibody titres ≥20 against Sw/Gent/112/07 were virologically protected against challenge. HI titres against other viruses, however, differed compared to the challenge virus and between viruses. Our data clearly show that the genetic homology with the challenge virus is not the ultimate predictor for SI vaccine performance. The true reason for the differences in vaccine potency remains obscure because other factors, such as the antigen dose and/or the adjuvant, also differed between the vaccines.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 67-74 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | Veterinary Microbiology |
Volume | 144 |
Issue number | 1-2 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jul 2010 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The authors would like to thank Lieve Sys, Nele Dennequin, Melanie Bauwens, Fernand De Backer, and Geert Opsomer for excellent technical support. This research was funded by the University of Ghent Research Fund BOF (Bijzonder OnderzoeksFonds).
Keywords
- Antigenic drift
- Efficacy
- H1N1 swine influenza virus
- Pigs
- Vaccines