Effect of the transverse dipole moment on the smectic-Asmectic-C (or chiral-smectic-C) transition

Calorimetric investigations have been carried out on five different liquid-crystal compounds near their smectic-A(Sm-A)smectic-C (Sm-C) [orsmectic-C* (Sm-C*)] transitions. Contrary to the previous observation, our experimental results demonstrate that the Sm-ASm-C (orSm-C*) transition may not become first order with reducing the Sm-A phase temperature range alone. We have also found that the magnitude of the transverse dipole moment of the constituent molecules, but not the bulk polarization only, has a strong effect on the nature of these phase transitions.