Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Incident Diabetes by Viral Variant: Findings From the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C)

on behalf of N3C Consortium

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

OBJECTIVE The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has evolved over time by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant, disease severity, treatment, and prevention. There is evidence of an elevated risk of incident diabetes after COVID-19; our objective was to evaluate whether this association is consistent across time and with contemporary viral variants. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) data to evaluate incident diabetes risk among COVID-positive adults compared with COVID-negative patients or control patients with acute respiratory illness (ARI). Cohorts were weighted on demographics, data site, and Charlson comorbidity index score. The primary outcome was the cumulative incidence ratio (CIR) of incident diabetes for each viral variant era. RESULTS Risk of incident diabetes 1 year after COVID-19 was increased for patients with any viral variant compared with COVID-negative control patients (ancestral CIR 1.16 [95% CI 1.12–1.21]; Alpha CIR 1.14 [95% CI 1.11–1.17]; Delta CIR 1.17 [95% CI 1.13–1.21]; Omicron CIR 1.13 [95% CI 1.10–1.17]) and control patients with ARI (ancestral CIR 1.17 [95% CI 1.11–1.22]; Alpha CIR 1.14 [95% CI 1.09–1.19]; Delta CIR 1.18 [95% CI 1.11–1.26]; Omicron CIR 1.20 [95% CI 1.13–1.27]). There was latency in the timing of incident diabetes risk with the Omicron variant; in contrast with other variants, the risk presented after 180 days. CONCLUSIONS Incident diabetes risk after COVID-19 was similar across different SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, there was greater latency in diabetes onset in the Omicron variant era.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1846-1854
Number of pages9
JournalDiabetes care
Volume47
Issue number10
DOIs
StatePublished - Oct 2024

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 by the American Diabetes Association.

PubMed: MeSH publication types

  • Journal Article

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Incident Diabetes by Viral Variant: Findings From the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C)'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this