TY - GEN
T1 - Effect of measurement schemes on estimation of ammonia and particulate matter emissions from a turkey barn
AU - Li, H.
AU - Xin, H.
AU - Burns, R. T.
AU - Hoff, S. J.
AU - Harmon, J. D.
AU - Jacobson, L. D.
AU - Noll, S. L.
PY - 2008
Y1 - 2008
N2 - Continuous measurement of aerial emissions from animal feeding operations over prolonged time is labor and resource intensive. Hence, knowledge of strategic, discrete measurements that lead to comparable emission estimation is highly desirable. This paper delineates the effects of sampling schemes on estimation of daily, flock and annual ammonia (NH3) and particulate matter (PM) emission rate (ER) of a turkey grow-out house. The sampling schemes examined include sampling integration time (SIT) -duration of continuous measurement over which the means of the ER components are taken, sampling interval (SI) - time interval between two adjacent instantaneous ER measurements, and measurement frequency (MF) throughout the total monitoring period - how often the periodic measurements take place. Evaluation of the SIT and SI effects involved 70 discrete days of continuous measurement covering cold to warm climates; whereas the effect ofMF involved two consecutive flocks of continuous measurements (May 2 December 17, 2007 with 7-day downtime). The full dataset or reference was based on NH3 or PM ER values collected at 0.5 to 4 min throughout the discrete or consecutive measurement days. The subsets ofER were established at different SIT or SI throughout the discrete days and at different MF throughout the consecutive flocks. The results show that estimation of daily NH3 and PM10 emissions is affected by SIT and SI. Specifically, at SIT of 0.5 to 2 hr, the resultant daily emissions deviated from the reference values by -0.5% to 2.7% for NH 3 and by -6.9% to 6.6% for PM110. At SI of 0.5 to 2 hr, the resultant daily emissions deviated from the reference values by -9.9% to 10.2% for NH3 and by -34.7% to 28.8% for PM10 Ammonia or PMjo emissions deviation of the flock, estimated from 1-d, 2-d or 3-d continuous measurement per week throughout the grow-out period, had <±16%, <±18%, or <±13%, respectively, deviations of the reference value. In comparison, if the periodic measurements were taken for 1 d, 2 d or 3 d every 4 weeks, the deviation of the resultant emissions from the reference values would be in the range of -35.5% to 64.5%.
AB - Continuous measurement of aerial emissions from animal feeding operations over prolonged time is labor and resource intensive. Hence, knowledge of strategic, discrete measurements that lead to comparable emission estimation is highly desirable. This paper delineates the effects of sampling schemes on estimation of daily, flock and annual ammonia (NH3) and particulate matter (PM) emission rate (ER) of a turkey grow-out house. The sampling schemes examined include sampling integration time (SIT) -duration of continuous measurement over which the means of the ER components are taken, sampling interval (SI) - time interval between two adjacent instantaneous ER measurements, and measurement frequency (MF) throughout the total monitoring period - how often the periodic measurements take place. Evaluation of the SIT and SI effects involved 70 discrete days of continuous measurement covering cold to warm climates; whereas the effect ofMF involved two consecutive flocks of continuous measurements (May 2 December 17, 2007 with 7-day downtime). The full dataset or reference was based on NH3 or PM ER values collected at 0.5 to 4 min throughout the discrete or consecutive measurement days. The subsets ofER were established at different SIT or SI throughout the discrete days and at different MF throughout the consecutive flocks. The results show that estimation of daily NH3 and PM10 emissions is affected by SIT and SI. Specifically, at SIT of 0.5 to 2 hr, the resultant daily emissions deviated from the reference values by -0.5% to 2.7% for NH 3 and by -6.9% to 6.6% for PM110. At SI of 0.5 to 2 hr, the resultant daily emissions deviated from the reference values by -9.9% to 10.2% for NH3 and by -34.7% to 28.8% for PM10 Ammonia or PMjo emissions deviation of the flock, estimated from 1-d, 2-d or 3-d continuous measurement per week throughout the grow-out period, had <±16%, <±18%, or <±13%, respectively, deviations of the reference value. In comparison, if the periodic measurements were taken for 1 d, 2 d or 3 d every 4 weeks, the deviation of the resultant emissions from the reference values would be in the range of -35.5% to 64.5%.
KW - Air emission
KW - Measurement frequency
KW - PM
KW - Sample integration time
KW - Sampling interval
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M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:63149114259
SN - 9781892769688
T3 - Livestock Environment VIII - Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium
SP - 245
EP - 252
BT - Livestock Environment VIII - Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium
T2 - 8th International Livestock Environment Symposium, ILES VIII
Y2 - 31 August 2008 through 4 September 2008
ER -
