Economic Dispatch of a Smart Grid with Vehicle-to-Grid Integration

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) have gained a lot of popularity due to their environmental-friendly operation when compared to conventional fuel vehicles. Through collective control by an aggregator, PEVs batteries can also provide ancillary services such as load leveling and frequency regulation to improve the quality of power provided in the power grid. This study presents the modeling, simulation, and analysis of a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system connected to a smart power grid. The model considers different penetration levels of PEVs in a system and investigates the economic and technical effects of using PEVs to support the grid. The model was tested using an IEEE 24 bus network to verify the effects that PEVs penetration has on generation cost in power systems. Results show that although the use of PEVs did not result in a significant reduction in the cost of power generation, the optimal scheduling of PEVs was effective in flattening the load profile through valley filling and peak load reduction.