Ecological collapse of Lake Baikal and Lake Hovsgol ecosystems during the Last Glacial and consequences for aquatic species diversity

Eugene Karabanov; Douglas Williams; Mikhail Kuzmin; Valentina Sideleva; Galina Khursevich; Alexander Prokopenko; Emilia Solotchina; Lilia Tkachenko; Svetlana Fedenya; Eugene Kerber; Alexander Gvozdkov; Oleg Khlustov; Elena Bezrukova; Polina Letunova; Svetlana Krapivina

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.02.017

Ecological collapse of Lake Baikal and Lake Hovsgol ecosystems during the Last Glacial and consequences for aquatic species diversity

Eugene Karabanov, Douglas Williams, Mikhail Kuzmin, Valentina Sideleva, Galina Khursevich, Alexander Prokopenko, Emilia Solotchina, Lilia Tkachenko, Svetlana Fedenya, Eugene Kerber, Alexander Gvozdkov, Oleg Khlustov, Elena Bezrukova, Polina Letunova, Svetlana Krapivina

Continental Scientific Drilling Facility

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

77 Scopus citations

Abstract

Sedimentary sections from Lake Baikal in Siberia and Lake Hovsgol in Mongolia show that during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), planktonic/benthic diatoms, chrysophyte cysts, sponge spicules and zooplankton remains did not accumulate in the lake sediments. The combined data suggest a drastic lowering of photosynthetic production and perhaps the collapse of the ecosystems of both lakes due to significant environmental changes during the LGM. Both lakes were almost uninhabited during the LGM. Starting from ∼12,000 to 13,000 ¹⁴C years ago, the planktonic communities redeveloped and primary production increased in both lakes. As a result, Holocene sediments contain abundant and well-preserved planktonic/benthic diatoms, stomatocysts, sponge spicules and zooplankton remains. The ecosystem stress in Lake Baikal during glacial time appears to be due to a decrease in nutrient loading from the watershed, lowering of surface water temperature, and very low transparency of water and ice. We believe that endemic species in Baikal survived during glacial ecological catastrophes in refugia that could have been a source of species that invaded and repopulated Baikal after intense and long glacial winters. The ecosystem stress in Lake Hovsgol during glacial time appears to be due primarily to drastic lake level falls, and changes in water chemistry. At the beginning of the Holocene, Lake Hovsgol was reoccupied again by cosmopolitan species probably from surrounding small lakes and rivers. In addition to the LGM results, we also show that Lake Baikal planktonic diatom species diversity during the last 350 ka is closely related to solar insolation fluctuations caused by the 23 and 41 ka cycles of the Earth's precession and obliquity. Our results also indicate that Baikal's planktonic diatom species diversity, as measured by the Shannon-Weiner index, correlates with the oxygen isotope record that represents changes in global ice volume.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	227-243
Number of pages	17
Journal	Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
Volume	209
Issue number	1-4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.02.017
State	Published - Jul 6 2004

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was implemented as part of the Baikal Drilling Project supported by the US National Scientific Foundation (NSF) (grants EAR-931720401 and EAR-9614770), the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Russian Ministry of Geology, and the Science and Technology Agency (STA) of Japan. The authors express their gratitude to all participants of the Baikal Drilling Project involved in organizing and operating the Project. Core collection and analytical work was partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research (grants 03-05 65127 and 02-05-64504) and the NSF (grant and ATM0228571). We thank V. Gelety, A. Fedotov, G. Kalmuchkov, P. Solotchin, and the captains and crew of RV Vereshagin and RV Dubovsky for help with core recovery on the Baikal and Hovsgol Lakes. We also thank Platt Bradbury, Keith Alverson and two anonymous referees who provided helpful and valuable reviews of the paper. The article has benefited from discussions with T. Sitnikova, O. Timoshkin, and R. Kamaltunov.

Copyright:
Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

Keywords

Diatoms
Diversity
Glacial stress
Lake Baikal
Lake Hovsgol

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.02.017

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Karabanov, E., Williams, D., Kuzmin, M., Sideleva, V., Khursevich, G., Prokopenko, A., Solotchina, E., Tkachenko, L., Fedenya, S., Kerber, E., Gvozdkov, A., Khlustov, O., Bezrukova, E., Letunova, P., & Krapivina, S. (2004). Ecological collapse of Lake Baikal and Lake Hovsgol ecosystems during the Last Glacial and consequences for aquatic species diversity. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 209(1-4), 227-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.02.017

Karabanov, E, Williams, D, Kuzmin, M, Sideleva, V, Khursevich, G, Prokopenko, A, Solotchina, E, Tkachenko, L, Fedenya, S, Kerber, E, Gvozdkov, A, Khlustov, O, Bezrukova, E, Letunova, P & Krapivina, S 2004, 'Ecological collapse of Lake Baikal and Lake Hovsgol ecosystems during the Last Glacial and consequences for aquatic species diversity', Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol. 209, no. 1-4, pp. 227-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.02.017

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abstract = "Sedimentary sections from Lake Baikal in Siberia and Lake Hovsgol in Mongolia show that during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), planktonic/benthic diatoms, chrysophyte cysts, sponge spicules and zooplankton remains did not accumulate in the lake sediments. The combined data suggest a drastic lowering of photosynthetic production and perhaps the collapse of the ecosystems of both lakes due to significant environmental changes during the LGM. Both lakes were almost uninhabited during the LGM. Starting from ∼12,000 to 13,000 14C years ago, the planktonic communities redeveloped and primary production increased in both lakes. As a result, Holocene sediments contain abundant and well-preserved planktonic/benthic diatoms, stomatocysts, sponge spicules and zooplankton remains. The ecosystem stress in Lake Baikal during glacial time appears to be due to a decrease in nutrient loading from the watershed, lowering of surface water temperature, and very low transparency of water and ice. We believe that endemic species in Baikal survived during glacial ecological catastrophes in refugia that could have been a source of species that invaded and repopulated Baikal after intense and long glacial winters. The ecosystem stress in Lake Hovsgol during glacial time appears to be due primarily to drastic lake level falls, and changes in water chemistry. At the beginning of the Holocene, Lake Hovsgol was reoccupied again by cosmopolitan species probably from surrounding small lakes and rivers. In addition to the LGM results, we also show that Lake Baikal planktonic diatom species diversity during the last 350 ka is closely related to solar insolation fluctuations caused by the 23 and 41 ka cycles of the Earth's precession and obliquity. Our results also indicate that Baikal's planktonic diatom species diversity, as measured by the Shannon-Weiner index, correlates with the oxygen isotope record that represents changes in global ice volume.",

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note = "Funding Information: This work was implemented as part of the Baikal Drilling Project supported by the US National Scientific Foundation (NSF) (grants EAR-931720401 and EAR-9614770), the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Russian Ministry of Geology, and the Science and Technology Agency (STA) of Japan. The authors express their gratitude to all participants of the Baikal Drilling Project involved in organizing and operating the Project. Core collection and analytical work was partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research (grants 03-05 65127 and 02-05-64504) and the NSF (grant and ATM0228571). We thank V. Gelety, A. Fedotov, G. Kalmuchkov, P. Solotchin, and the captains and crew of RV Vereshagin and RV Dubovsky for help with core recovery on the Baikal and Hovsgol Lakes. We also thank Platt Bradbury, Keith Alverson and two anonymous referees who provided helpful and valuable reviews of the paper. The article has benefited from discussions with T. Sitnikova, O. Timoshkin, and R. Kamaltunov. Copyright: Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

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AU - Karabanov, Eugene

AU - Williams, Douglas

AU - Kuzmin, Mikhail

AU - Sideleva, Valentina

AU - Khursevich, Galina

AU - Prokopenko, Alexander

AU - Solotchina, Emilia

AU - Tkachenko, Lilia

AU - Fedenya, Svetlana

AU - Kerber, Eugene

AU - Gvozdkov, Alexander

AU - Khlustov, Oleg

AU - Bezrukova, Elena

AU - Letunova, Polina

AU - Krapivina, Svetlana

N1 - Funding Information: This work was implemented as part of the Baikal Drilling Project supported by the US National Scientific Foundation (NSF) (grants EAR-931720401 and EAR-9614770), the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Russian Ministry of Geology, and the Science and Technology Agency (STA) of Japan. The authors express their gratitude to all participants of the Baikal Drilling Project involved in organizing and operating the Project. Core collection and analytical work was partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research (grants 03-05 65127 and 02-05-64504) and the NSF (grant and ATM0228571). We thank V. Gelety, A. Fedotov, G. Kalmuchkov, P. Solotchin, and the captains and crew of RV Vereshagin and RV Dubovsky for help with core recovery on the Baikal and Hovsgol Lakes. We also thank Platt Bradbury, Keith Alverson and two anonymous referees who provided helpful and valuable reviews of the paper. The article has benefited from discussions with T. Sitnikova, O. Timoshkin, and R. Kamaltunov. Copyright: Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

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N2 - Sedimentary sections from Lake Baikal in Siberia and Lake Hovsgol in Mongolia show that during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), planktonic/benthic diatoms, chrysophyte cysts, sponge spicules and zooplankton remains did not accumulate in the lake sediments. The combined data suggest a drastic lowering of photosynthetic production and perhaps the collapse of the ecosystems of both lakes due to significant environmental changes during the LGM. Both lakes were almost uninhabited during the LGM. Starting from ∼12,000 to 13,000 14C years ago, the planktonic communities redeveloped and primary production increased in both lakes. As a result, Holocene sediments contain abundant and well-preserved planktonic/benthic diatoms, stomatocysts, sponge spicules and zooplankton remains. The ecosystem stress in Lake Baikal during glacial time appears to be due to a decrease in nutrient loading from the watershed, lowering of surface water temperature, and very low transparency of water and ice. We believe that endemic species in Baikal survived during glacial ecological catastrophes in refugia that could have been a source of species that invaded and repopulated Baikal after intense and long glacial winters. The ecosystem stress in Lake Hovsgol during glacial time appears to be due primarily to drastic lake level falls, and changes in water chemistry. At the beginning of the Holocene, Lake Hovsgol was reoccupied again by cosmopolitan species probably from surrounding small lakes and rivers. In addition to the LGM results, we also show that Lake Baikal planktonic diatom species diversity during the last 350 ka is closely related to solar insolation fluctuations caused by the 23 and 41 ka cycles of the Earth's precession and obliquity. Our results also indicate that Baikal's planktonic diatom species diversity, as measured by the Shannon-Weiner index, correlates with the oxygen isotope record that represents changes in global ice volume.

AB - Sedimentary sections from Lake Baikal in Siberia and Lake Hovsgol in Mongolia show that during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), planktonic/benthic diatoms, chrysophyte cysts, sponge spicules and zooplankton remains did not accumulate in the lake sediments. The combined data suggest a drastic lowering of photosynthetic production and perhaps the collapse of the ecosystems of both lakes due to significant environmental changes during the LGM. Both lakes were almost uninhabited during the LGM. Starting from ∼12,000 to 13,000 14C years ago, the planktonic communities redeveloped and primary production increased in both lakes. As a result, Holocene sediments contain abundant and well-preserved planktonic/benthic diatoms, stomatocysts, sponge spicules and zooplankton remains. The ecosystem stress in Lake Baikal during glacial time appears to be due to a decrease in nutrient loading from the watershed, lowering of surface water temperature, and very low transparency of water and ice. We believe that endemic species in Baikal survived during glacial ecological catastrophes in refugia that could have been a source of species that invaded and repopulated Baikal after intense and long glacial winters. The ecosystem stress in Lake Hovsgol during glacial time appears to be due primarily to drastic lake level falls, and changes in water chemistry. At the beginning of the Holocene, Lake Hovsgol was reoccupied again by cosmopolitan species probably from surrounding small lakes and rivers. In addition to the LGM results, we also show that Lake Baikal planktonic diatom species diversity during the last 350 ka is closely related to solar insolation fluctuations caused by the 23 and 41 ka cycles of the Earth's precession and obliquity. Our results also indicate that Baikal's planktonic diatom species diversity, as measured by the Shannon-Weiner index, correlates with the oxygen isotope record that represents changes in global ice volume.

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KW - Glacial stress

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KW - Lake Hovsgol

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Ecological collapse of Lake Baikal and Lake Hovsgol ecosystems during the Last Glacial and consequences for aquatic species diversity

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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