Early Results from GLASS-JWST. XIV. A Spectroscopically Confirmed Protocluster 650 Million Years after the Big Bang

Takahiro Morishita; Guido Roberts-Borsani; Tommaso Treu; Gabriel Brammer; Charlotte A. Mason; Michele Trenti; Benedetta Vulcani; Xin Wang; Ana Acebron; Yannick Bahé; Pietro Bergamini; Kristan Boyett; Marusa Bradac; Antonello Calabrò; Marco Castellano; Wenlei Chen; Gabriella De Lucia; Alexei V. Filippenko; Adriano Fontana; Karl Glazebrook; Claudio Grillo; Alaina Henry; Tucker Jones; Patrick L. Kelly; Anton M. Koekemoer; Nicha Leethochawalit; Ting Yi Lu; Danilo Marchesini; Sara Mascia; Amata Mercurio; Emiliano Merlin; Benjamin Metha; Themiya Nanayakkara; Mario Nonino; Diego Paris; Laura Pentericci; Piero Rosati; Paola Santini; Victoria Strait; Eros Vanzella; Rogier A. Windhorst; Lizhi Xie

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acb99e

Early Results from GLASS-JWST. XIV. A Spectroscopically Confirmed Protocluster 650 Million Years after the Big Bang

Takahiro Morishita, Guido Roberts-Borsani, Tommaso Treu, Gabriel Brammer, Charlotte A. Mason, Michele Trenti, Benedetta Vulcani, Xin Wang, Ana Acebron, Yannick Bahé, Pietro Bergamini, Kristan Boyett, Marusa Bradac, Antonello Calabrò, Marco Castellano, Wenlei Chen, Gabriella De Lucia, Alexei V. Filippenko, Adriano Fontana, Karl GlazebrookClaudio Grillo, Alaina Henry, Tucker Jones, Patrick L. Kelly, Anton M. Koekemoer, Nicha Leethochawalit, Ting Yi Lu, Danilo Marchesini, Sara Mascia, Amata Mercurio, Emiliano Merlin, Benjamin Metha, Themiya Nanayakkara, Mario Nonino, Diego Paris, Laura Pentericci, Piero Rosati, Paola Santini, Victoria Strait, Eros Vanzella, Rogier A. Windhorst, Lizhi Xie

Physics and Astronomy (Twin Cities)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

44 Scopus citations

Abstract

We present the spectroscopic confirmation of a protocluster at z = 7.88 behind the galaxy cluster Abell 2744 (hereafter A2744-z7p9OD). Using JWST NIRSpec, we find seven galaxies within a projected radius of 60 kpc. Although the galaxies reside in an overdensity around ≳20× greater than a random volume, they do not show strong Lyα emission. We place 2σ upper limits on the rest-frame equivalent width <16-28 Å. Based on the tight upper limits to the Lyα emission, we constrain the volume-averaged neutral fraction of hydrogen in the intergalactic medium to be x _HI > 0.45 (68% C i). Using an empirical M _UV-M _halo relation for individual galaxies, we estimate that the total halo mass of the system is ≳4 × 10¹¹ M _⊙. Likewise, the line-of-sight velocity dispersion is estimated to be 1100 ± 200 km s⁻¹. Using an empirical relation, we estimate the present-day halo mass of A2744-z7p9OD to be ∼2 × 10¹⁵ M _⊙, comparable to the Coma cluster. A2744-z7p9OD is the highest redshift spectroscopically confirmed protocluster to date, demonstrating the power of JWST to investigate the connection between dark-matter halo assembly and galaxy formation at very early times with medium-deep observations at <20 hr total exposure time. Follow-up spectroscopy of the remaining photometric candidates of the overdensity will further refine the features of this system and help characterize the role of such overdensities in cosmic reionization.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	L24
Journal	Astrophysical Journal Letters
Volume	947
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acb99e
State	Published - Apr 1 2023

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© 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

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Morishita, T., Roberts-Borsani, G., Treu, T., Brammer, G., Mason, C. A., Trenti, M., Vulcani, B., Wang, X., Acebron, A., Bahé, Y., Bergamini, P., Boyett, K., Bradac, M., Calabrò, A., Castellano, M., Chen, W., De Lucia, G., Filippenko, A. V., Fontana, A., ... Xie, L. (2023). Early Results from GLASS-JWST. XIV. A Spectroscopically Confirmed Protocluster 650 Million Years after the Big Bang. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 947(2), Article L24. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acb99e

Morishita, T, Roberts-Borsani, G, Treu, T, Brammer, G, Mason, CA, Trenti, M, Vulcani, B, Wang, X, Acebron, A, Bahé, Y, Bergamini, P, Boyett, K, Bradac, M, Calabrò, A, Castellano, M, Chen, W, De Lucia, G, Filippenko, AV, Fontana, A, Glazebrook, K, Grillo, C, Henry, A, Jones, T, Kelly, PL, Koekemoer, AM, Leethochawalit, N, Lu, TY, Marchesini, D, Mascia, S, Mercurio, A, Merlin, E, Metha, B, Nanayakkara, T, Nonino, M, Paris, D, Pentericci, L, Rosati, P, Santini, P, Strait, V, Vanzella, E, Windhorst, RA & Xie, L 2023, 'Early Results from GLASS-JWST. XIV. A Spectroscopically Confirmed Protocluster 650 Million Years after the Big Bang', Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 947, no. 2, L24. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acb99e

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title = "Early Results from GLASS-JWST. XIV. A Spectroscopically Confirmed Protocluster 650 Million Years after the Big Bang",

abstract = "We present the spectroscopic confirmation of a protocluster at z = 7.88 behind the galaxy cluster Abell 2744 (hereafter A2744-z7p9OD). Using JWST NIRSpec, we find seven galaxies within a projected radius of 60 kpc. Although the galaxies reside in an overdensity around ≳20× greater than a random volume, they do not show strong Lyα emission. We place 2σ upper limits on the rest-frame equivalent width <16-28 {\AA}. Based on the tight upper limits to the Lyα emission, we constrain the volume-averaged neutral fraction of hydrogen in the intergalactic medium to be x HI > 0.45 (68% C i). Using an empirical M UV-M halo relation for individual galaxies, we estimate that the total halo mass of the system is ≳4 × 1011 M ⊙. Likewise, the line-of-sight velocity dispersion is estimated to be 1100 ± 200 km s−1. Using an empirical relation, we estimate the present-day halo mass of A2744-z7p9OD to be ∼2 × 1015 M ⊙, comparable to the Coma cluster. A2744-z7p9OD is the highest redshift spectroscopically confirmed protocluster to date, demonstrating the power of JWST to investigate the connection between dark-matter halo assembly and galaxy formation at very early times with medium-deep observations at <20 hr total exposure time. Follow-up spectroscopy of the remaining photometric candidates of the overdensity will further refine the features of this system and help characterize the role of such overdensities in cosmic reionization.",

author = "Takahiro Morishita and Guido Roberts-Borsani and Tommaso Treu and Gabriel Brammer and Mason, {Charlotte A.} and Michele Trenti and Benedetta Vulcani and Xin Wang and Ana Acebron and Yannick Bah{\'e} and Pietro Bergamini and Kristan Boyett and Marusa Bradac and Antonello Calabr{\`o} and Marco Castellano and Wenlei Chen and {De Lucia}, Gabriella and Filippenko, {Alexei V.} and Adriano Fontana and Karl Glazebrook and Claudio Grillo and Alaina Henry and Tucker Jones and Kelly, {Patrick L.} and Koekemoer, {Anton M.} and Nicha Leethochawalit and Lu, {Ting Yi} and Danilo Marchesini and Sara Mascia and Amata Mercurio and Emiliano Merlin and Benjamin Metha and Themiya Nanayakkara and Mario Nonino and Diego Paris and Laura Pentericci and Piero Rosati and Paola Santini and Victoria Strait and Eros Vanzella and Windhorst, {Rogier A.} and Lizhi Xie",

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AU - Morishita, Takahiro

AU - Roberts-Borsani, Guido

AU - Treu, Tommaso

AU - Brammer, Gabriel

AU - Mason, Charlotte A.

AU - Trenti, Michele

AU - Vulcani, Benedetta

AU - Wang, Xin

AU - Acebron, Ana

AU - Bahé, Yannick

AU - Bergamini, Pietro

AU - Boyett, Kristan

AU - Bradac, Marusa

AU - Calabrò, Antonello

AU - Castellano, Marco

AU - Chen, Wenlei

AU - De Lucia, Gabriella

AU - Filippenko, Alexei V.

AU - Fontana, Adriano

AU - Glazebrook, Karl

AU - Grillo, Claudio

AU - Henry, Alaina

AU - Jones, Tucker

AU - Kelly, Patrick L.

AU - Koekemoer, Anton M.

AU - Leethochawalit, Nicha

AU - Lu, Ting Yi

AU - Marchesini, Danilo

AU - Mascia, Sara

AU - Mercurio, Amata

AU - Merlin, Emiliano

AU - Metha, Benjamin

AU - Nanayakkara, Themiya

AU - Nonino, Mario

AU - Paris, Diego

AU - Pentericci, Laura

AU - Rosati, Piero

AU - Santini, Paola

AU - Strait, Victoria

AU - Vanzella, Eros

AU - Windhorst, Rogier A.

AU - Xie, Lizhi

PY - 2023/4/1

Y1 - 2023/4/1

N2 - We present the spectroscopic confirmation of a protocluster at z = 7.88 behind the galaxy cluster Abell 2744 (hereafter A2744-z7p9OD). Using JWST NIRSpec, we find seven galaxies within a projected radius of 60 kpc. Although the galaxies reside in an overdensity around ≳20× greater than a random volume, they do not show strong Lyα emission. We place 2σ upper limits on the rest-frame equivalent width <16-28 Å. Based on the tight upper limits to the Lyα emission, we constrain the volume-averaged neutral fraction of hydrogen in the intergalactic medium to be x HI > 0.45 (68% C i). Using an empirical M UV-M halo relation for individual galaxies, we estimate that the total halo mass of the system is ≳4 × 1011 M ⊙. Likewise, the line-of-sight velocity dispersion is estimated to be 1100 ± 200 km s−1. Using an empirical relation, we estimate the present-day halo mass of A2744-z7p9OD to be ∼2 × 1015 M ⊙, comparable to the Coma cluster. A2744-z7p9OD is the highest redshift spectroscopically confirmed protocluster to date, demonstrating the power of JWST to investigate the connection between dark-matter halo assembly and galaxy formation at very early times with medium-deep observations at <20 hr total exposure time. Follow-up spectroscopy of the remaining photometric candidates of the overdensity will further refine the features of this system and help characterize the role of such overdensities in cosmic reionization.

AB - We present the spectroscopic confirmation of a protocluster at z = 7.88 behind the galaxy cluster Abell 2744 (hereafter A2744-z7p9OD). Using JWST NIRSpec, we find seven galaxies within a projected radius of 60 kpc. Although the galaxies reside in an overdensity around ≳20× greater than a random volume, they do not show strong Lyα emission. We place 2σ upper limits on the rest-frame equivalent width <16-28 Å. Based on the tight upper limits to the Lyα emission, we constrain the volume-averaged neutral fraction of hydrogen in the intergalactic medium to be x HI > 0.45 (68% C i). Using an empirical M UV-M halo relation for individual galaxies, we estimate that the total halo mass of the system is ≳4 × 1011 M ⊙. Likewise, the line-of-sight velocity dispersion is estimated to be 1100 ± 200 km s−1. Using an empirical relation, we estimate the present-day halo mass of A2744-z7p9OD to be ∼2 × 1015 M ⊙, comparable to the Coma cluster. A2744-z7p9OD is the highest redshift spectroscopically confirmed protocluster to date, demonstrating the power of JWST to investigate the connection between dark-matter halo assembly and galaxy formation at very early times with medium-deep observations at <20 hr total exposure time. Follow-up spectroscopy of the remaining photometric candidates of the overdensity will further refine the features of this system and help characterize the role of such overdensities in cosmic reionization.

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Early Results from GLASS-JWST. XIV. A Spectroscopically Confirmed Protocluster 650 Million Years after the Big Bang

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