Early Results from GLASS-JWST. VII. Evidence for Lensed, Gravitationally Bound Protoglobular Clusters at z = 4 in the Hubble Frontier Field A2744* * Based on observations collected with JWST under the ERS program 1324 (PI T. Treu).

E. Vanzella; M. Castellano; P. Bergamini; T. Treu; A. Mercurio; C. Scarlata; P. Rosati; C. Grillo; A. Acebron; G. B. Caminha; M. Nonino; T. Nanayakkara; G. Roberts-Borsani; M. Bradac; X. Wang; G. Brammer; V. Strait; B. Vulcani; U. Meštrić; M. Meneghetti; F. Calura; Alaina Henry; A. Zanella; M. Trenti; K. Boyett; T. Morishita; A. Calabrò; K. Glazebrook; D. Marchesini; S. Birrer; L. Yang; T. Jones

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac8c2d

Early Results from GLASS-JWST. VII. Evidence for Lensed, Gravitationally Bound Protoglobular Clusters at z = 4 in the Hubble Frontier Field A2744* * Based on observations collected with JWST under the ERS program 1324 (PI T. Treu).

E. Vanzella
, M. Castellano
, P. Bergamini
, T. Treu
, A. Mercurio
, C. Scarlata
, P. Rosati
, C. Grillo
, A. Acebron
, G. B. Caminha
, M. Nonino
, T. Nanayakkara
, G. Roberts-Borsani
, M. Bradac
, X. Wang
, G. Brammer
, V. Strait
, B. Vulcani
, U. Meštrić
, M. Meneghetti

F. Calura, Alaina Henry, A. Zanella, M. Trenti, K. Boyett, T. Morishita, A. Calabrò, K. Glazebrook, D. Marchesini, S. Birrer, L. Yang, T. Jones

Physics and Astronomy (Twin Cities)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

65 Scopus citations

Abstract

We investigate the blue and optical rest-frame sizes (λ ≃ 2300-4000 Å) of three compact star-forming regions in a galaxy at z = 4 strongly lensed (×30, ×45, and ×100) by the Hubble Frontier Field galaxy cluster A2744 using GLASS-ERS James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRISS imaging at 1.15 μm, 1.50 μm, and 2.0 μm with a point-spread function ≲0.″1. In particular, the Balmer break is probed in detail for all multiply imaged sources of the system. With ages of a few tens of Myr, stellar masses in the range (0.7-4.0) ×10⁶ M _⊙ and optical/ultraviolet effective radii spanning the interval 3 < R _eff < 20 pc, such objects are currently the highest-redshift (spectroscopically confirmed) gravitationally bound young massive star clusters (YMCs), with stellar mass surface densities resembling those of local globular clusters. Optical (4000 Å, JWST-based) and ultraviolet (1600 Å, Hubble Space Telescope-based) sizes are fully compatible. The contribution to the ultraviolet underlying continuum emission (1600 Å) is ∼30%, which decreases by a factor of 2 in the optical for two of the YMCs (∼4000 Å rest-frame), reflecting the young ages (<30 Myr) inferred from the spectral energy distribution fitting and supported by the presence of high-ionization lines secured with the Very Large Telescope/MUSE. Such bursty forming regions enhance the specific star formation rate of the galaxy, which is ≃10 Gyr⁻¹. This galaxy would be among the extreme analogs observed in the local universe having a high star formation rate surface density and a high occurrence of massive stellar clusters in formation.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	L53
Journal	Astrophysical Journal Letters
Volume	940
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac8c2d
State	Published - Dec 1 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We thank the referee for the very fast and constructive report. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program JWST-ERS-1342. We acknowledge financial support from NASA through grant JWST-ERS-1324. K.G. and T.N. acknowledge support from Australian Research Council Laureate Fellowship FL180100060. M.B. acknowledges support by the Slovenian national research agency ARRS through grant N1-0238. We acknowledge financial contributions by PRIN-MIUR 2017WSCC32 “Zooming into dark matter and proto-galaxies with massive lensing clusters” (PI: P. Rosati) and 2020SKSTHZ, INAF “main-stream” 1.05.01.86.20: “Deep and wide view of galaxy clusters” (PI: M. Nonino) and INAF “main-stream” 1.05.01.86.31 “The deepest view of high-redshift galaxies and globular cluster precursors in the early Universe” (PI: E. Vanzella).

Funding Information:
We thank the referee for the very fast and constructive report. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program JWST-ERS-1342. We acknowledge financial support from NASA through grant JWST-ERS-1324. K.G. and T.N. acknowledge support from Australian Research Council Laureate Fellowship FL180100060. M.B. acknowledges support by the Slovenian national research agency ARRS through grant N1-0238. We acknowledge financial contributions by PRIN-MIUR 2017WSCC32 “Zooming into dark matter and proto-galaxies with massive lensing clusters” (PI: P. Rosati) and 2020SKSTHZ, INAF “main-stream” 1.05.01.86.20: “Deep and wide view of galaxy clusters” (PI: M. Nonino) and INAF “main-stream” 1.05.01.86.31 “The deepest view of high-redshift galaxies and globular cluster precursors in the early Universe” (PI: E. Vanzella).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Publisher link

10.3847/2041-8213/ac8c2d

Find It

Find It at U of M Libraries

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Early Results from GLASS-JWST. VII. Evidence for Lensed, Gravitationally Bound Protoglobular Clusters at z = 4 in the Hubble Frontier Field A2744* * Based on observations collected with JWST under the ERS program 1324 (PI T. Treu).'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this

Vanzella, E., Castellano, M., Bergamini, P., Treu, T., Mercurio, A., Scarlata, C., Rosati, P., Grillo, C., Acebron, A., Caminha, G. B., Nonino, M., Nanayakkara, T., Roberts-Borsani, G., Bradac, M., Wang, X., Brammer, G., Strait, V., Vulcani, B., Meštrić, U., ... Jones, T. (2022). Early Results from GLASS-JWST. VII. Evidence for Lensed, Gravitationally Bound Protoglobular Clusters at z = 4 in the Hubble Frontier Field A2744* * Based on observations collected with JWST under the ERS program 1324 (PI T. Treu). Astrophysical Journal Letters, 940(2), Article L53. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac8c2d

Early Results from GLASS-JWST. VII. Evidence for Lensed, Gravitationally Bound Protoglobular Clusters at z = 4 in the Hubble Frontier Field A2744* * Based on observations collected with JWST under the ERS program 1324 (PI T. Treu). / Vanzella, E.; Castellano, M.; Bergamini, P. et al.
In: Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 940, No. 2, L53, 01.12.2022.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Vanzella, E, Castellano, M, Bergamini, P, Treu, T, Mercurio, A, Scarlata, C, Rosati, P, Grillo, C, Acebron, A, Caminha, GB, Nonino, M, Nanayakkara, T, Roberts-Borsani, G, Bradac, M, Wang, X, Brammer, G, Strait, V, Vulcani, B, Meštrić, U, Meneghetti, M, Calura, F, Henry, A, Zanella, A, Trenti, M, Boyett, K, Morishita, T, Calabrò, A, Glazebrook, K, Marchesini, D, Birrer, S, Yang, L & Jones, T 2022, 'Early Results from GLASS-JWST. VII. Evidence for Lensed, Gravitationally Bound Protoglobular Clusters at z = 4 in the Hubble Frontier Field A2744* * Based on observations collected with JWST under the ERS program 1324 (PI T. Treu).', Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 940, no. 2, L53. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac8c2d

Vanzella E, Castellano M, Bergamini P, Treu T, Mercurio A, Scarlata C et al. Early Results from GLASS-JWST. VII. Evidence for Lensed, Gravitationally Bound Protoglobular Clusters at z = 4 in the Hubble Frontier Field A2744* * Based on observations collected with JWST under the ERS program 1324 (PI T. Treu). Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2022 Dec 1;940(2):L53. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac8c2d

@article{591374b7d3864238bdf958eb8d5d0b05,

title = "Early Results from GLASS-JWST. VII. Evidence for Lensed, Gravitationally Bound Protoglobular Clusters at z = 4 in the Hubble Frontier Field A2744* * Based on observations collected with JWST under the ERS program 1324 (PI T. Treu).",

abstract = "We investigate the blue and optical rest-frame sizes (λ ≃ 2300-4000 {\AA}) of three compact star-forming regions in a galaxy at z = 4 strongly lensed ({\texttimes}30, {\texttimes}45, and {\texttimes}100) by the Hubble Frontier Field galaxy cluster A2744 using GLASS-ERS James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRISS imaging at 1.15 μm, 1.50 μm, and 2.0 μm with a point-spread function ≲0.″1. In particular, the Balmer break is probed in detail for all multiply imaged sources of the system. With ages of a few tens of Myr, stellar masses in the range (0.7-4.0) {\texttimes}106 M ⊙ and optical/ultraviolet effective radii spanning the interval 3 < R eff < 20 pc, such objects are currently the highest-redshift (spectroscopically confirmed) gravitationally bound young massive star clusters (YMCs), with stellar mass surface densities resembling those of local globular clusters. Optical (4000 {\AA}, JWST-based) and ultraviolet (1600 {\AA}, Hubble Space Telescope-based) sizes are fully compatible. The contribution to the ultraviolet underlying continuum emission (1600 {\AA}) is ∼30\%, which decreases by a factor of 2 in the optical for two of the YMCs (∼4000 {\AA} rest-frame), reflecting the young ages (<30 Myr) inferred from the spectral energy distribution fitting and supported by the presence of high-ionization lines secured with the Very Large Telescope/MUSE. Such bursty forming regions enhance the specific star formation rate of the galaxy, which is ≃10 Gyr−1. This galaxy would be among the extreme analogs observed in the local universe having a high star formation rate surface density and a high occurrence of massive stellar clusters in formation.",

author = "E. Vanzella and M. Castellano and P. Bergamini and T. Treu and A. Mercurio and C. Scarlata and P. Rosati and C. Grillo and A. Acebron and Caminha, \{G. B.\} and M. Nonino and T. Nanayakkara and G. Roberts-Borsani and M. Bradac and X. Wang and G. Brammer and V. Strait and B. Vulcani and U. Me{\v s}tri{\'c} and M. Meneghetti and F. Calura and Alaina Henry and A. Zanella and M. Trenti and K. Boyett and T. Morishita and A. Calabr{\`o} and K. Glazebrook and D. Marchesini and S. Birrer and L. Yang and T. Jones",

note = "Funding Information: We thank the referee for the very fast and constructive report. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program JWST-ERS-1342. We acknowledge financial support from NASA through grant JWST-ERS-1324. K.G. and T.N. acknowledge support from Australian Research Council Laureate Fellowship FL180100060. M.B. acknowledges support by the Slovenian national research agency ARRS through grant N1-0238. We acknowledge financial contributions by PRIN-MIUR 2017WSCC32 {\textquotedblleft}Zooming into dark matter and proto-galaxies with massive lensing clusters{\textquotedblright} (PI: P. Rosati) and 2020SKSTHZ, INAF {\textquotedblleft}main-stream{\textquotedblright} 1.05.01.86.20: {\textquotedblleft}Deep and wide view of galaxy clusters{\textquotedblright} (PI: M. Nonino) and INAF {\textquotedblleft}main-stream{\textquotedblright} 1.05.01.86.31 {\textquotedblleft}The deepest view of high-redshift galaxies and globular cluster precursors in the early Universe{\textquotedblright} (PI: E. Vanzella). Funding Information: We thank the referee for the very fast and constructive report. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program JWST-ERS-1342. We acknowledge financial support from NASA through grant JWST-ERS-1324. K.G. and T.N. acknowledge support from Australian Research Council Laureate Fellowship FL180100060. M.B. acknowledges support by the Slovenian national research agency ARRS through grant N1-0238. We acknowledge financial contributions by PRIN-MIUR 2017WSCC32 {\textquotedblleft}Zooming into dark matter and proto-galaxies with massive lensing clusters{\textquotedblright} (PI: P. Rosati) and 2020SKSTHZ, INAF {\textquotedblleft}main-stream{\textquotedblright} 1.05.01.86.20: {\textquotedblleft}Deep and wide view of galaxy clusters{\textquotedblright} (PI: M. Nonino) and INAF {\textquotedblleft}main-stream{\textquotedblright} 1.05.01.86.31 {\textquotedblleft}The deepest view of high-redshift galaxies and globular cluster precursors in the early Universe{\textquotedblright} (PI: E. Vanzella). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.",

year = "2022",

month = dec,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/2041-8213/ac8c2d",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "940",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal Letters",

issn = "2041-8205",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "2",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Early Results from GLASS-JWST. VII. Evidence for Lensed, Gravitationally Bound Protoglobular Clusters at z = 4 in the Hubble Frontier Field A2744* * Based on observations collected with JWST under the ERS program 1324 (PI T. Treu).

AU - Vanzella, E.

AU - Castellano, M.

AU - Bergamini, P.

AU - Treu, T.

AU - Mercurio, A.

AU - Scarlata, C.

AU - Rosati, P.

AU - Grillo, C.

AU - Acebron, A.

AU - Caminha, G. B.

AU - Nonino, M.

AU - Nanayakkara, T.

AU - Roberts-Borsani, G.

AU - Bradac, M.

AU - Wang, X.

AU - Brammer, G.

AU - Strait, V.

AU - Vulcani, B.

AU - Meštrić, U.

AU - Meneghetti, M.

AU - Calura, F.

AU - Henry, Alaina

AU - Zanella, A.

AU - Trenti, M.

AU - Boyett, K.

AU - Morishita, T.

AU - Calabrò, A.

AU - Glazebrook, K.

AU - Marchesini, D.

AU - Birrer, S.

AU - Yang, L.

AU - Jones, T.

N1 - Funding Information: We thank the referee for the very fast and constructive report. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program JWST-ERS-1342. We acknowledge financial support from NASA through grant JWST-ERS-1324. K.G. and T.N. acknowledge support from Australian Research Council Laureate Fellowship FL180100060. M.B. acknowledges support by the Slovenian national research agency ARRS through grant N1-0238. We acknowledge financial contributions by PRIN-MIUR 2017WSCC32 “Zooming into dark matter and proto-galaxies with massive lensing clusters” (PI: P. Rosati) and 2020SKSTHZ, INAF “main-stream” 1.05.01.86.20: “Deep and wide view of galaxy clusters” (PI: M. Nonino) and INAF “main-stream” 1.05.01.86.31 “The deepest view of high-redshift galaxies and globular cluster precursors in the early Universe” (PI: E. Vanzella). Funding Information: We thank the referee for the very fast and constructive report. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program JWST-ERS-1342. We acknowledge financial support from NASA through grant JWST-ERS-1324. K.G. and T.N. acknowledge support from Australian Research Council Laureate Fellowship FL180100060. M.B. acknowledges support by the Slovenian national research agency ARRS through grant N1-0238. We acknowledge financial contributions by PRIN-MIUR 2017WSCC32 “Zooming into dark matter and proto-galaxies with massive lensing clusters” (PI: P. Rosati) and 2020SKSTHZ, INAF “main-stream” 1.05.01.86.20: “Deep and wide view of galaxy clusters” (PI: M. Nonino) and INAF “main-stream” 1.05.01.86.31 “The deepest view of high-redshift galaxies and globular cluster precursors in the early Universe” (PI: E. Vanzella). Publisher Copyright: © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

PY - 2022/12/1

Y1 - 2022/12/1

N2 - We investigate the blue and optical rest-frame sizes (λ ≃ 2300-4000 Å) of three compact star-forming regions in a galaxy at z = 4 strongly lensed (×30, ×45, and ×100) by the Hubble Frontier Field galaxy cluster A2744 using GLASS-ERS James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRISS imaging at 1.15 μm, 1.50 μm, and 2.0 μm with a point-spread function ≲0.″1. In particular, the Balmer break is probed in detail for all multiply imaged sources of the system. With ages of a few tens of Myr, stellar masses in the range (0.7-4.0) ×106 M ⊙ and optical/ultraviolet effective radii spanning the interval 3 < R eff < 20 pc, such objects are currently the highest-redshift (spectroscopically confirmed) gravitationally bound young massive star clusters (YMCs), with stellar mass surface densities resembling those of local globular clusters. Optical (4000 Å, JWST-based) and ultraviolet (1600 Å, Hubble Space Telescope-based) sizes are fully compatible. The contribution to the ultraviolet underlying continuum emission (1600 Å) is ∼30%, which decreases by a factor of 2 in the optical for two of the YMCs (∼4000 Å rest-frame), reflecting the young ages (<30 Myr) inferred from the spectral energy distribution fitting and supported by the presence of high-ionization lines secured with the Very Large Telescope/MUSE. Such bursty forming regions enhance the specific star formation rate of the galaxy, which is ≃10 Gyr−1. This galaxy would be among the extreme analogs observed in the local universe having a high star formation rate surface density and a high occurrence of massive stellar clusters in formation.

AB - We investigate the blue and optical rest-frame sizes (λ ≃ 2300-4000 Å) of three compact star-forming regions in a galaxy at z = 4 strongly lensed (×30, ×45, and ×100) by the Hubble Frontier Field galaxy cluster A2744 using GLASS-ERS James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRISS imaging at 1.15 μm, 1.50 μm, and 2.0 μm with a point-spread function ≲0.″1. In particular, the Balmer break is probed in detail for all multiply imaged sources of the system. With ages of a few tens of Myr, stellar masses in the range (0.7-4.0) ×106 M ⊙ and optical/ultraviolet effective radii spanning the interval 3 < R eff < 20 pc, such objects are currently the highest-redshift (spectroscopically confirmed) gravitationally bound young massive star clusters (YMCs), with stellar mass surface densities resembling those of local globular clusters. Optical (4000 Å, JWST-based) and ultraviolet (1600 Å, Hubble Space Telescope-based) sizes are fully compatible. The contribution to the ultraviolet underlying continuum emission (1600 Å) is ∼30%, which decreases by a factor of 2 in the optical for two of the YMCs (∼4000 Å rest-frame), reflecting the young ages (<30 Myr) inferred from the spectral energy distribution fitting and supported by the presence of high-ionization lines secured with the Very Large Telescope/MUSE. Such bursty forming regions enhance the specific star formation rate of the galaxy, which is ≃10 Gyr−1. This galaxy would be among the extreme analogs observed in the local universe having a high star formation rate surface density and a high occurrence of massive stellar clusters in formation.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85143876777

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85143876777#tab=citedBy

U2 - 10.3847/2041-8213/ac8c2d

DO - 10.3847/2041-8213/ac8c2d

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85143876777

SN - 2041-8205

VL - 940

JO - Astrophysical Journal Letters

JF - Astrophysical Journal Letters

IS - 2

M1 - L53

ER -

Early Results from GLASS-JWST. VII. Evidence for Lensed, Gravitationally Bound Protoglobular Clusters at z = 4 in the Hubble Frontier Field A2744* * Based on observations collected with JWST under the ERS program 1324 (PI T. Treu).

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Publisher link

Find It

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this