Duration of Residence and Hypertension in Black Foreign-Born Residents: NHIS, 2004–2017

Background : Black Americans have the highest prevalence of hypertension in the USA. Black immigrants, who, by definition, have time-limited exposure to the USA, may provide insight into the relationship between exposure to the US environment, Black race, and hypertension. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of pooled National Health Interview Survey (2004–2017) data of foreign-born White European and Black adults (N = 11,516). Multivariable robust Poisson regressions assessed the relationship between self-reported hypertension and duration of the residency (< 5, 5–9, 10–14, ≥ 15 years) among Black, Black African, Black Caribbean, and White European foreign-born residents. Results: In multivariable analyses—controlling for age, sex, education, poverty-to-income ratio, insurance status, recent encounter with a clinician, and BMI—Black foreign-born residents (PR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.90) and Black Africans (10–14 years.: PR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.13, 2.56; ≥ 15 years.: PR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.04, 2.34) with a duration of residency of at least 15 and 10 years, respectively, had a greater prevalence of hypertension than those with duration less than 5 years. A nonsignificant positive association between a duration of residency of at least 15 years (compared to less than 5 years) and self-reported hypertension was observed for White Europeans (PR 1.49, 95% CI = 0.88, 2.51) and Black Caribbeans (PR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.69, 1.72). Conclusion: Duration of residency is particularly associated with hypertension among Black Africans after migration to the USA. This discrepancy may be explained by differences in primary care utilization and awareness of hypertension diagnoses among recent African immigrants, along with greater stress associated with living in the USA.