Divergent density feedback control of migratory predator recovery following sex-biased perturbations

Daisuke Goto, Martin J. Hamel, Mark A. Pegg, Jeremy J. Hammen, Matthew L. Rugg, Valery E. Forbes

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

Uncertainty in risks posed by emerging stressors such as synthetic hormones impedes conservation efforts for threatened vertebrate populations. Synthetic hormones often induce sex-biased perturbations in exposed animals by disrupting gonad development and early life-history stage transitions, potentially diminishing per capita reproductive output of depleted populations and, in turn, being manifest as Allee effects. We use a spatially explicit biophysical model to evaluate how sex-biased perturbation in life-history traits of individuals (maternal investment in egg production and male-skewed sex allocation in offspring) modulates density feedback control of year-class strength and recovery trajectories of a long-lived, migratory fish—shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus)—under spatially and temporally dynamic synthetic androgen exposure and habitat conditions. Simulations show that reduced efficiency of maternal investment in gonad development prolonged maturation time, increased the probability of skipped spawning, and, in turn, shrunk spawner abundance, weakening year-class strength. However, positive density feedback disappeared (no Allee effect) once the exposure ceased. By contrast, responses to the demographic perturbation manifested as strong positive density feedback; an abrupt shift in year-class strength and spawner abundance followed after more than two decades owing to persistent negative population growth (a strong Allee effect), reaching an alternative state without any sign of recovery. When combined with the energetic perturbation, positive density feedback of the demographic perturbation was dampened as extended maturation time reduced the frequency of producing male-biased offspring, allowing the population to maintain positive growth rate (a weak Allee effect) and gradually recover. The emergent patterns in long-term population projections illustrate that sex-biased perturbation in life-history traits can interactively regulate the strength of density feedback in depleted populations such as Scaphirhynchus sturgeon to further diminish reproductive capacity and abundance, posing increasingly greater conservation challenges in chemically altered riverscapes.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)3954-3967
Number of pages14
JournalEcology and Evolution
Volume10
Issue number9
DOIs
StatePublished - May 1 2020

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We appreciate comments by Maxime Vaugeois (University of Minnesota) and two?anonymous reviewers on earlier versions of this manuscript. This project was partially funded by University of Nebraska?Lincoln and the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (Project F-180-R).

Funding Information:
We appreciate comments by Maxime Vaugeois (University of Minnesota) and two anonymous reviewers on earlier versions of this manuscript. This project was partially funded by University of Nebraska–Lincoln and the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (Project F‐180‐R).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Keywords

  • agent-based modeling
  • alternative states
  • early life history
  • endangered species
  • endocrine disruptors
  • spatially explicit models

PubMed: MeSH publication types

  • Journal Article

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