Diet and Physical Activity by Prediabetes Status Among U.S. Adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2018

Background: Prediabetes among adolescents is on the rise, yet it is unclear if modifiable risk factors vary by prediabetes status. Methods: This study examined associations between diet (primary objective) and physical activity (secondary objective) by prediabetes status among U.S. adolescents (12-19 years) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007-2018. Differences in Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015-2020 scores (total and 13 component scores), nutrients of public health concern, and physical activity were examined by prediabetes status (no prediabetes vs. prediabetes). Results: Adolescents (n = 2,487) with prediabetes had significantly lower whole grains component scores and intakes of vitamin D, phosphorus, and potassium (all p < .05), than adolescents without prediabetes. Physical activity levels were not optimal for either group, there were no differences by prediabetes status (n = 2,188). Conclusion: Diabetes prevention interventions for adolescents are needed and should promote a healthy diet target and encourage physical activity.