Design of a custom vapor transport co-deposition system for scalable production of perovskite solar cells

Vacuum-deposited perovskites provide a more direct path to manufacturing large area solar cells because of ready compatibility with multilayered architectures and historic use in the electronics industry. However, vacuum compatible co-deposition of organic-inorganic perovskites remains difficult due to issues of precisely controlling the organic precursor flux. Here, we demonstrate a manufacturing prototype specifically designed for co-depositing organic-inorganic perovskites and evaluate it with respect to the influence of process parameters on film growth. Through depositing and characterizing methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI₃) perovskite films, we highlight the necessary design requirements while measuring the influence of film growth parameters on deposition rate and perovskite phases.