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Abstract
The ability to miniaturize ion-selective sensors that enable microsensor arrays and wearable sensor patches for ion detection in environmental or biological samples requires all-solid-state sensors with solid contacts for transduction of an ion activity into an electrical signal. Nanostructured carbon materials function as effective solid contacts for this purpose. They can also contribute to improved potential signal stability, reducing the need for frequent sensor calibration. In this Perspective, the structural features of various carbon-based solid contacts described in the literature and their respective abilities to reduce potential drift during long-term, continuous measurements are compared. These carbon materials include nanoporous carbons with various architectures, carbon nanotubes, carbon black, graphene, and graphite-based solid contacts. The effects of accessibility of ionophores, ionic sites, and other components of an ion-selective membrane to the internal or external carbon surfaces are discussed, because this impacts double-layer capacitance and potential drift. The effects of carbon composition on water-layer formation are also considered, which is another contributor to potential drift during long-term measurements. Recommendations regarding the selection of solid contacts and considerations for their characterization and testing in solid-contact ion-selective electrodes are provided.
Original language | English (US) |
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Article number | 2309778 |
Journal | Advanced Materials |
Volume | 36 |
Issue number | 8 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Dec 17 2023 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
Keywords
- ion-selective electrode
- ionophore
- nanoporous carbon
- nanostructured carbon
- potential stability
- sensors
- solid contact
MRSEC Support
- Shared
PubMed: MeSH publication types
- Journal Article
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- 1 Active
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University of Minnesota Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (DMR-2011401)
Leighton, C. (PI) & Lodge, T. (CoI)
THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
9/1/20 → 8/31/26
Project: Research project