Demographic characteristics and risk behaviors associated with HIV positive injecting drug users in Xinjiang, China

Yuanzhi Zhang; Hua Shan; Jennifer Trizzino; Yuhua Ruan; Geetha Beauchamp; Benoît Mâsse; Jun Ma; Yuan Gu; Yixin He; Baoling Rui; Jun Wang; Katharine Poundstone; Yan Jiang; J. Brooks Jackson; Yiming Shao

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2006.06.001

Demographic characteristics and risk behaviors associated with HIV positive injecting drug users in Xinjiang, China

Yuanzhi Zhang, Hua Shan, Jennifer Trizzino, Yuhua Ruan, Geetha Beauchamp, Benoît Mâsse, Jun Ma, Yuan Gu, Yixin He, Baoling Rui, Jun Wang, Katharine Poundstone, Yan Jiang, J. Brooks Jackson, Yiming Shao

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Abstract

Objective: To determine the demographic characteristics and risk behaviors associated with HIV positive and negative injection drug users (IDUs) who were screened for inclusion in a prospective cohort study to estimate HIV incidence in Xinjiang, China. Methods: Data analyses were performed on the demographic and risk assessment data collected at screening from high-risk IDUs, defined as anyone who reported injecting drugs at least three times per week in the last month or injected drugs after sharing equipment on at least three occasions in the last three months. Results: HIV antibody prevalence among 781 IDUs at baseline survey was 29%. The following factors were significantly associated with an increase in risk for HIV infection: age ≥26 years (OR = 3.16, 95% CI [2.02;4.94]), lack of college education (OR = 2.32, 95% CI [1.02;5.25]), frequency of heroin use (OR = 1.23, 95% CI [1.02;1.47]) and sharing of rinse water (OR = 1.47, 95% CI [1.18;1.84]). Female gender (OR = 0.44, 95% CI [0.22;0.86]), being Han vs Uighur ethnicity (OR = 0.18, 95% CI [0.11;0.27]), and other race vs Uighur ethnicity (OR = 0.23, 95% CI [0.12;0.44]) were significantly associated with a lower risk of HIV infection. Conclusions: HIV infection among high risk IDUs in Xinjiang, China is high and is associated with older male Uighur IDUs who lack college education, frequently inject heroin, and/or share rinse water. There is a great potential for HIV transmission from IDUs to the general population. Therefore, related risk behaviors in IDUs, especially their sexual behavior, should be closely monitored.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	285-290
Number of pages	6
Journal	Journal of Infection
Volume	54
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2006.06.001
State	Published - Mar 2007
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors are grateful to the men and women who participated in this study. Special thanks are offered to Shao Hua Wang, Ai Hua Zhang, Jing Gong Hao, Mawlan Mamtimin, Parhat Yadikar, Yongsheng Guan, Minawar Abai, Chun Mei Zhao, Xahadetgul Sulayman, Jing Wang, Gulsum Ghuja, Ben Lai Liu, Abdurahman, Jun Wei, Abdurixit, Dongbao Yu, and Yun Xia Wang. The authors would like to acknowledge support from the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention (SCHARP), Seattle, WA and Family Health International, Durham, NC, the Xinjiang Bureau of Health, Urumqi Detoxification Center and Xinjiang Public Security Bureau.

Keywords

China
HIV prevalence
IDUs
Risk behaviors
Xinjiang

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.jinf.2006.06.001

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Zhang, Y., Shan, H., Trizzino, J., Ruan, Y., Beauchamp, G., Mâsse, B., Ma, J., Gu, Y., He, Y., Rui, B., Wang, J., Poundstone, K., Jiang, Y., Brooks Jackson, J., & Shao, Y. (2007). Demographic characteristics and risk behaviors associated with HIV positive injecting drug users in Xinjiang, China. Journal of Infection, 54(3), 285-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2006.06.001

Zhang, Y, Shan, H, Trizzino, J, Ruan, Y, Beauchamp, G, Mâsse, B, Ma, J, Gu, Y, He, Y, Rui, B, Wang, J, Poundstone, K, Jiang, Y, Brooks Jackson, J & Shao, Y 2007, 'Demographic characteristics and risk behaviors associated with HIV positive injecting drug users in Xinjiang, China', Journal of Infection, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 285-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2006.06.001

@article{78a579c326e24d10b63a4c17cbb77c42,

title = "Demographic characteristics and risk behaviors associated with HIV positive injecting drug users in Xinjiang, China",

abstract = "Objective: To determine the demographic characteristics and risk behaviors associated with HIV positive and negative injection drug users (IDUs) who were screened for inclusion in a prospective cohort study to estimate HIV incidence in Xinjiang, China. Methods: Data analyses were performed on the demographic and risk assessment data collected at screening from high-risk IDUs, defined as anyone who reported injecting drugs at least three times per week in the last month or injected drugs after sharing equipment on at least three occasions in the last three months. Results: HIV antibody prevalence among 781 IDUs at baseline survey was 29%. The following factors were significantly associated with an increase in risk for HIV infection: age ≥26 years (OR = 3.16, 95% CI [2.02;4.94]), lack of college education (OR = 2.32, 95% CI [1.02;5.25]), frequency of heroin use (OR = 1.23, 95% CI [1.02;1.47]) and sharing of rinse water (OR = 1.47, 95% CI [1.18;1.84]). Female gender (OR = 0.44, 95% CI [0.22;0.86]), being Han vs Uighur ethnicity (OR = 0.18, 95% CI [0.11;0.27]), and other race vs Uighur ethnicity (OR = 0.23, 95% CI [0.12;0.44]) were significantly associated with a lower risk of HIV infection. Conclusions: HIV infection among high risk IDUs in Xinjiang, China is high and is associated with older male Uighur IDUs who lack college education, frequently inject heroin, and/or share rinse water. There is a great potential for HIV transmission from IDUs to the general population. Therefore, related risk behaviors in IDUs, especially their sexual behavior, should be closely monitored.",

keywords = "China, HIV prevalence, IDUs, Risk behaviors, Xinjiang",

author = "Yuanzhi Zhang and Hua Shan and Jennifer Trizzino and Yuhua Ruan and Geetha Beauchamp and Beno{\^i}t M{\^a}sse and Jun Ma and Yuan Gu and Yixin He and Baoling Rui and Jun Wang and Katharine Poundstone and Yan Jiang and {Brooks Jackson}, J. and Yiming Shao",

note = "Funding Information: The authors are grateful to the men and women who participated in this study. Special thanks are offered to Shao Hua Wang, Ai Hua Zhang, Jing Gong Hao, Mawlan Mamtimin, Parhat Yadikar, Yongsheng Guan, Minawar Abai, Chun Mei Zhao, Xahadetgul Sulayman, Jing Wang, Gulsum Ghuja, Ben Lai Liu, Abdurahman, Jun Wei, Abdurixit, Dongbao Yu, and Yun Xia Wang. The authors would like to acknowledge support from the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention (SCHARP), Seattle, WA and Family Health International, Durham, NC, the Xinjiang Bureau of Health, Urumqi Detoxification Center and Xinjiang Public Security Bureau. ",

year = "2007",

month = mar,

doi = "10.1016/j.jinf.2006.06.001",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "54",

pages = "285--290",

journal = "Journal of Infection",

issn = "0163-4453",

publisher = "W.B. Saunders Ltd",

number = "3",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Demographic characteristics and risk behaviors associated with HIV positive injecting drug users in Xinjiang, China

AU - Zhang, Yuanzhi

AU - Shan, Hua

AU - Trizzino, Jennifer

AU - Ruan, Yuhua

AU - Beauchamp, Geetha

AU - Mâsse, Benoît

AU - Ma, Jun

AU - Gu, Yuan

AU - He, Yixin

AU - Rui, Baoling

AU - Wang, Jun

AU - Poundstone, Katharine

AU - Jiang, Yan

AU - Brooks Jackson, J.

AU - Shao, Yiming

N1 - Funding Information: The authors are grateful to the men and women who participated in this study. Special thanks are offered to Shao Hua Wang, Ai Hua Zhang, Jing Gong Hao, Mawlan Mamtimin, Parhat Yadikar, Yongsheng Guan, Minawar Abai, Chun Mei Zhao, Xahadetgul Sulayman, Jing Wang, Gulsum Ghuja, Ben Lai Liu, Abdurahman, Jun Wei, Abdurixit, Dongbao Yu, and Yun Xia Wang. The authors would like to acknowledge support from the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention (SCHARP), Seattle, WA and Family Health International, Durham, NC, the Xinjiang Bureau of Health, Urumqi Detoxification Center and Xinjiang Public Security Bureau.

PY - 2007/3

Y1 - 2007/3

N2 - Objective: To determine the demographic characteristics and risk behaviors associated with HIV positive and negative injection drug users (IDUs) who were screened for inclusion in a prospective cohort study to estimate HIV incidence in Xinjiang, China. Methods: Data analyses were performed on the demographic and risk assessment data collected at screening from high-risk IDUs, defined as anyone who reported injecting drugs at least three times per week in the last month or injected drugs after sharing equipment on at least three occasions in the last three months. Results: HIV antibody prevalence among 781 IDUs at baseline survey was 29%. The following factors were significantly associated with an increase in risk for HIV infection: age ≥26 years (OR = 3.16, 95% CI [2.02;4.94]), lack of college education (OR = 2.32, 95% CI [1.02;5.25]), frequency of heroin use (OR = 1.23, 95% CI [1.02;1.47]) and sharing of rinse water (OR = 1.47, 95% CI [1.18;1.84]). Female gender (OR = 0.44, 95% CI [0.22;0.86]), being Han vs Uighur ethnicity (OR = 0.18, 95% CI [0.11;0.27]), and other race vs Uighur ethnicity (OR = 0.23, 95% CI [0.12;0.44]) were significantly associated with a lower risk of HIV infection. Conclusions: HIV infection among high risk IDUs in Xinjiang, China is high and is associated with older male Uighur IDUs who lack college education, frequently inject heroin, and/or share rinse water. There is a great potential for HIV transmission from IDUs to the general population. Therefore, related risk behaviors in IDUs, especially their sexual behavior, should be closely monitored.

AB - Objective: To determine the demographic characteristics and risk behaviors associated with HIV positive and negative injection drug users (IDUs) who were screened for inclusion in a prospective cohort study to estimate HIV incidence in Xinjiang, China. Methods: Data analyses were performed on the demographic and risk assessment data collected at screening from high-risk IDUs, defined as anyone who reported injecting drugs at least three times per week in the last month or injected drugs after sharing equipment on at least three occasions in the last three months. Results: HIV antibody prevalence among 781 IDUs at baseline survey was 29%. The following factors were significantly associated with an increase in risk for HIV infection: age ≥26 years (OR = 3.16, 95% CI [2.02;4.94]), lack of college education (OR = 2.32, 95% CI [1.02;5.25]), frequency of heroin use (OR = 1.23, 95% CI [1.02;1.47]) and sharing of rinse water (OR = 1.47, 95% CI [1.18;1.84]). Female gender (OR = 0.44, 95% CI [0.22;0.86]), being Han vs Uighur ethnicity (OR = 0.18, 95% CI [0.11;0.27]), and other race vs Uighur ethnicity (OR = 0.23, 95% CI [0.12;0.44]) were significantly associated with a lower risk of HIV infection. Conclusions: HIV infection among high risk IDUs in Xinjiang, China is high and is associated with older male Uighur IDUs who lack college education, frequently inject heroin, and/or share rinse water. There is a great potential for HIV transmission from IDUs to the general population. Therefore, related risk behaviors in IDUs, especially their sexual behavior, should be closely monitored.

KW - China

KW - HIV prevalence

KW - IDUs

KW - Risk behaviors

KW - Xinjiang

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U2 - 10.1016/j.jinf.2006.06.001

DO - 10.1016/j.jinf.2006.06.001

M3 - Article

C2 - 16831464

AN - SCOPUS:33846906524

SN - 0163-4453

VL - 54

SP - 285

EP - 290

JO - Journal of Infection

JF - Journal of Infection

IS - 3

ER -

Demographic characteristics and risk behaviors associated with HIV positive injecting drug users in Xinjiang, China

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

Publisher link

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