DEJA VU ALL OVER AGAIN: THE REAPPEARANCE OF SUPERNOVA REFSDAL

P. L. Kelly; S. A. Rodney; T. Treu; L. G. Strolger; R. J. Foley; S. W. Jha; J. Selsing; G. Brammer; M. Bradač; S. B. Cenko; O. Graur; A. V. Filippenko; J. Hjorth; C. McCully; A. Molino; M. Nonino; A. G. Riess; K. B. Schmidt; B. Tucker; A. Von Der Linden; B. J. Weiner; A. Zitrin

doi:10.3847/2041-8205/819/1/L8

DEJA VU ALL OVER AGAIN: THE REAPPEARANCE OF SUPERNOVA REFSDAL

P. L. Kelly, S. A. Rodney, T. Treu, L. G. Strolger, R. J. Foley, S. W. Jha, J. Selsing, G. Brammer, M. Bradač, S. B. Cenko, O. Graur, A. V. Filippenko, J. Hjorth, C. McCully, A. Molino, M. Nonino, A. G. Riess, K. B. Schmidt, B. Tucker, A. Von Der LindenB. J. Weiner, A. Zitrin

Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics

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60 Scopus citations

Abstract

In Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging taken on 2014 November 10, four images of supernova (SN) "Refsdal" (redshift z = 1.49) appeared in an Einstein-cross-like configuration (images S1-S4) around an early-type galaxy in the cluster MACS J1149.5+2223 (z = 0.54). Almost all lens models of the cluster have predicted that the SN should reappear within a year in a second host-galaxy image created by the cluster's potential. In HST observations taken on 2015 December 11, we find a new source at the predicted position of the new image of SN Refsdal approximately 8″ from the previous images S1-S4. This marks the first time the appearance of a SN at a particular time and location in the sky was successfully predicted in advance! We use these data and the light curve from the first four observed images of SN Refsdal to place constraints on the relative time delay and magnification of the new image (SX) compared to images S1-S4. This enables us, for the first time, to test "blind" lens model predictions of both magnifications and time delays for a lensed SN. We find that the timing and brightness of the new image are consistent with the blind predictions of a fraction of the models. The reappearance illustrates the discriminatory power of this blind test and its utility to uncover sources of systematic uncertainty. From planned HST photometry, we expect to reach a precision of 1%-2% on the time delay between S1-S4 and SX.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	L8
Journal	Astrophysical Journal Letters
Volume	819
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8205/819/1/L8
State	Published - Mar 1 2016

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We express our appreciation for the efforts of Program Coordinator Beth Periello and Contact Scientist Norbert Pirzkal of STScI. Support for the analysis in this paper is from HST grant GO-14041. The GLASS program is supported by GO-13459, and the FrontierSN photometric follow-up program has funding through GO-13386. A.Z. is supported by Hubble Fellowship (HF2-51334.001-A) awarded by STScI, which is operated for NASA by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under contract NAS 5-26555. R.J.F. gratefully acknowledges support from NSF grant AST-1518052 and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. A.V.F.''s group at UC Berkeley has received generous financial assistance from the Christopher R. Redlich Fund, the TABASGO Foundation, and NSF grant AST-1211916. M.N. acknowledges PRININAF 2014 1.05.01.94.02. This supernova research at Rutgers University is supported by NSF CAREER award AST-0847157, as well as NASA/Keck JPL RSA 1508337 and 1520634, to S.W.J.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2016. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Keywords

galaxies: clusters: general
galaxies: individual (MACS J1149.5+2223)
gravitational lensing: strong
supernovae: general
supernovae: individual (SN Refsdal)

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Kelly, P. L., Rodney, S. A., Treu, T., Strolger, L. G., Foley, R. J., Jha, S. W., Selsing, J., Brammer, G., Bradač, M., Cenko, S. B., Graur, O., Filippenko, A. V., Hjorth, J., McCully, C., Molino, A., Nonino, M., Riess, A. G., Schmidt, K. B., Tucker, B., ... Zitrin, A. (2016). DEJA VU ALL OVER AGAIN: THE REAPPEARANCE OF SUPERNOVA REFSDAL. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 819(1), [L8]. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8205/819/1/L8

Kelly, PL, Rodney, SA, Treu, T, Strolger, LG, Foley, RJ, Jha, SW, Selsing, J, Brammer, G, Bradač, M, Cenko, SB, Graur, O, Filippenko, AV, Hjorth, J, McCully, C, Molino, A, Nonino, M, Riess, AG, Schmidt, KB, Tucker, B, Von Der Linden, A, Weiner, BJ & Zitrin, A 2016, 'DEJA VU ALL OVER AGAIN: THE REAPPEARANCE OF SUPERNOVA REFSDAL', Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 819, no. 1, L8. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8205/819/1/L8

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title = "DEJA VU ALL OVER AGAIN: THE REAPPEARANCE OF SUPERNOVA REFSDAL",

abstract = "In Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging taken on 2014 November 10, four images of supernova (SN) {"}Refsdal{"} (redshift z = 1.49) appeared in an Einstein-cross-like configuration (images S1-S4) around an early-type galaxy in the cluster MACS J1149.5+2223 (z = 0.54). Almost all lens models of the cluster have predicted that the SN should reappear within a year in a second host-galaxy image created by the cluster's potential. In HST observations taken on 2015 December 11, we find a new source at the predicted position of the new image of SN Refsdal approximately 8″ from the previous images S1-S4. This marks the first time the appearance of a SN at a particular time and location in the sky was successfully predicted in advance! We use these data and the light curve from the first four observed images of SN Refsdal to place constraints on the relative time delay and magnification of the new image (SX) compared to images S1-S4. This enables us, for the first time, to test {"}blind{"} lens model predictions of both magnifications and time delays for a lensed SN. We find that the timing and brightness of the new image are consistent with the blind predictions of a fraction of the models. The reappearance illustrates the discriminatory power of this blind test and its utility to uncover sources of systematic uncertainty. From planned HST photometry, we expect to reach a precision of 1%-2% on the time delay between S1-S4 and SX.",

keywords = "galaxies: clusters: general, galaxies: individual (MACS J1149.5+2223), gravitational lensing: strong, supernovae: general, supernovae: individual (SN Refsdal)",

author = "Kelly, {P. L.} and Rodney, {S. A.} and T. Treu and Strolger, {L. G.} and Foley, {R. J.} and Jha, {S. W.} and J. Selsing and G. Brammer and M. Brada{\v c} and Cenko, {S. B.} and O. Graur and Filippenko, {A. V.} and J. Hjorth and C. McCully and A. Molino and M. Nonino and Riess, {A. G.} and Schmidt, {K. B.} and B. Tucker and {Von Der Linden}, A. and Weiner, {B. J.} and A. Zitrin",

note = "Funding Information: We express our appreciation for the efforts of Program Coordinator Beth Periello and Contact Scientist Norbert Pirzkal of STScI. Support for the analysis in this paper is from HST grant GO-14041. The GLASS program is supported by GO-13459, and the FrontierSN photometric follow-up program has funding through GO-13386. A.Z. is supported by Hubble Fellowship (HF2-51334.001-A) awarded by STScI, which is operated for NASA by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under contract NAS 5-26555. R.J.F. gratefully acknowledges support from NSF grant AST-1518052 and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. A.V.F.''s group at UC Berkeley has received generous financial assistance from the Christopher R. Redlich Fund, the TABASGO Foundation, and NSF grant AST-1211916. M.N. acknowledges PRININAF 2014 1.05.01.94.02. This supernova research at Rutgers University is supported by NSF CAREER award AST-0847157, as well as NASA/Keck JPL RSA 1508337 and 1520634, to S.W.J. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.",

year = "2016",

month = mar,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/2041-8205/819/1/L8",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "819",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal Letters",

issn = "2041-8205",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - DEJA VU ALL OVER AGAIN

T2 - THE REAPPEARANCE OF SUPERNOVA REFSDAL

AU - Kelly, P. L.

AU - Rodney, S. A.

AU - Treu, T.

AU - Strolger, L. G.

AU - Foley, R. J.

AU - Jha, S. W.

AU - Selsing, J.

AU - Brammer, G.

AU - Bradač, M.

AU - Cenko, S. B.

AU - Graur, O.

AU - Filippenko, A. V.

AU - Hjorth, J.

AU - McCully, C.

AU - Molino, A.

AU - Nonino, M.

AU - Riess, A. G.

AU - Schmidt, K. B.

AU - Tucker, B.

AU - Von Der Linden, A.

AU - Weiner, B. J.

AU - Zitrin, A.

N1 - Funding Information: We express our appreciation for the efforts of Program Coordinator Beth Periello and Contact Scientist Norbert Pirzkal of STScI. Support for the analysis in this paper is from HST grant GO-14041. The GLASS program is supported by GO-13459, and the FrontierSN photometric follow-up program has funding through GO-13386. A.Z. is supported by Hubble Fellowship (HF2-51334.001-A) awarded by STScI, which is operated for NASA by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under contract NAS 5-26555. R.J.F. gratefully acknowledges support from NSF grant AST-1518052 and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. A.V.F.''s group at UC Berkeley has received generous financial assistance from the Christopher R. Redlich Fund, the TABASGO Foundation, and NSF grant AST-1211916. M.N. acknowledges PRININAF 2014 1.05.01.94.02. This supernova research at Rutgers University is supported by NSF CAREER award AST-0847157, as well as NASA/Keck JPL RSA 1508337 and 1520634, to S.W.J. Publisher Copyright: © 2016. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

PY - 2016/3/1

Y1 - 2016/3/1

N2 - In Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging taken on 2014 November 10, four images of supernova (SN) "Refsdal" (redshift z = 1.49) appeared in an Einstein-cross-like configuration (images S1-S4) around an early-type galaxy in the cluster MACS J1149.5+2223 (z = 0.54). Almost all lens models of the cluster have predicted that the SN should reappear within a year in a second host-galaxy image created by the cluster's potential. In HST observations taken on 2015 December 11, we find a new source at the predicted position of the new image of SN Refsdal approximately 8″ from the previous images S1-S4. This marks the first time the appearance of a SN at a particular time and location in the sky was successfully predicted in advance! We use these data and the light curve from the first four observed images of SN Refsdal to place constraints on the relative time delay and magnification of the new image (SX) compared to images S1-S4. This enables us, for the first time, to test "blind" lens model predictions of both magnifications and time delays for a lensed SN. We find that the timing and brightness of the new image are consistent with the blind predictions of a fraction of the models. The reappearance illustrates the discriminatory power of this blind test and its utility to uncover sources of systematic uncertainty. From planned HST photometry, we expect to reach a precision of 1%-2% on the time delay between S1-S4 and SX.

AB - In Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging taken on 2014 November 10, four images of supernova (SN) "Refsdal" (redshift z = 1.49) appeared in an Einstein-cross-like configuration (images S1-S4) around an early-type galaxy in the cluster MACS J1149.5+2223 (z = 0.54). Almost all lens models of the cluster have predicted that the SN should reappear within a year in a second host-galaxy image created by the cluster's potential. In HST observations taken on 2015 December 11, we find a new source at the predicted position of the new image of SN Refsdal approximately 8″ from the previous images S1-S4. This marks the first time the appearance of a SN at a particular time and location in the sky was successfully predicted in advance! We use these data and the light curve from the first four observed images of SN Refsdal to place constraints on the relative time delay and magnification of the new image (SX) compared to images S1-S4. This enables us, for the first time, to test "blind" lens model predictions of both magnifications and time delays for a lensed SN. We find that the timing and brightness of the new image are consistent with the blind predictions of a fraction of the models. The reappearance illustrates the discriminatory power of this blind test and its utility to uncover sources of systematic uncertainty. From planned HST photometry, we expect to reach a precision of 1%-2% on the time delay between S1-S4 and SX.

KW - galaxies: clusters: general

KW - galaxies: individual (MACS J1149.5+2223)

KW - gravitational lensing: strong

KW - supernovae: general

KW - supernovae: individual (SN Refsdal)

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JO - Astrophysical Journal Letters

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ER -

DEJA VU ALL OVER AGAIN: THE REAPPEARANCE OF SUPERNOVA REFSDAL

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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