Deciphering the Chitin Code in Plant Symbiosis, Defense, and Microbial Networks

Devanshi Khokhani; Cristobal Carrera Carriel; Shivangi Vayla; Thomas B. Irving; Christina Stonoha-Arther; Nancy P. Keller; Jean Michel Ané

doi:10.1146/annurev-micro-051921-114809

Deciphering the Chitin Code in Plant Symbiosis, Defense, and Microbial Networks

Devanshi Khokhani, Cristobal Carrera Carriel, Shivangi Vayla, Thomas B. Irving, Christina Stonoha-Arther, Nancy P. Keller, Jean Michel Ané

Plant Pathology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

5 Scopus citations

Abstract

Chitin is a structural polymer in many eukaryotes. Many organisms can degrade chitin to defend against chitinous pathogens or use chitin oligomers as food. Beneficial microorganisms like nitrogen-fixing symbiotic rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi produce chitin-based signal molecules called lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) and short chitin oligomers to initiate a symbiotic relationship with their compatible hosts and exchange nutrients. A recent study revealed that a broad range of fungi produce LCOs and chitooligosaccharides (COs), suggesting that these signaling molecules are not limited to beneficial microbes. The fungal LCOs also affect fungal growth and development, indicating that the roles of LCOs beyond symbiosis and LCO production may predate mycorrhizal symbiosis. This review describes the diverse structures of chitin; their perception by eukaryotes and prokaryotes; and their roles in symbiotic interactions, defense, and microbe-microbe interactions. We also discuss potential strategies of fungi to synthesize LCOs and their roles in fungi with different lifestyles.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	583-607
Number of pages	25
Journal	Annual Review of Microbiology
Volume	75
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-051921-114809
State	Published - 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by NSF grants 1331098, 1753917, and 1546742 to J.-M.A. as well as USDA Hatch grant WIS03041 to J.-M.A. and N.P.K. The NIH training grant 5T32GM007133-46 supported C.C.C., who was also supported by the Advanced Opportunity Fellowship through SciMed Graduate Research Scholars at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Support for this fellowship is provided by the Graduate School, part of the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Graduate Education at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, with funding from the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Annual Reviews Inc.. All rights reserved.

Keywords

chitooligosaccharides
defense
fungi
lipo-chitooligosaccharides
rhizobia
symbiosis

PubMed: MeSH publication types

Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Review

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10.1146/annurev-micro-051921-114809

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title = "Deciphering the Chitin Code in Plant Symbiosis, Defense, and Microbial Networks",

abstract = "Chitin is a structural polymer in many eukaryotes. Many organisms can degrade chitin to defend against chitinous pathogens or use chitin oligomers as food. Beneficial microorganisms like nitrogen-fixing symbiotic rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi produce chitin-based signal molecules called lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) and short chitin oligomers to initiate a symbiotic relationship with their compatible hosts and exchange nutrients. A recent study revealed that a broad range of fungi produce LCOs and chitooligosaccharides (COs), suggesting that these signaling molecules are not limited to beneficial microbes. The fungal LCOs also affect fungal growth and development, indicating that the roles of LCOs beyond symbiosis and LCO production may predate mycorrhizal symbiosis. This review describes the diverse structures of chitin; their perception by eukaryotes and prokaryotes; and their roles in symbiotic interactions, defense, and microbe-microbe interactions. We also discuss potential strategies of fungi to synthesize LCOs and their roles in fungi with different lifestyles.",

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author = "Devanshi Khokhani and {Carrera Carriel}, Cristobal and Shivangi Vayla and Irving, {Thomas B.} and Christina Stonoha-Arther and Keller, {Nancy P.} and An{\'e}, {Jean Michel}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by NSF grants 1331098, 1753917, and 1546742 to J.-M.A. as well as USDA Hatch grant WIS03041 to J.-M.A. and N.P.K. The NIH training grant 5T32GM007133-46 supported C.C.C., who was also supported by the Advanced Opportunity Fellowship through SciMed Graduate Research Scholars at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Support for this fellowship is provided by the Graduate School, part of the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Graduate Education at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, with funding from the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Annual Reviews Inc.. All rights reserved.",

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AU - Khokhani, Devanshi

AU - Carrera Carriel, Cristobal

AU - Vayla, Shivangi

AU - Irving, Thomas B.

AU - Stonoha-Arther, Christina

AU - Keller, Nancy P.

AU - Ané, Jean Michel

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by NSF grants 1331098, 1753917, and 1546742 to J.-M.A. as well as USDA Hatch grant WIS03041 to J.-M.A. and N.P.K. The NIH training grant 5T32GM007133-46 supported C.C.C., who was also supported by the Advanced Opportunity Fellowship through SciMed Graduate Research Scholars at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Support for this fellowship is provided by the Graduate School, part of the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Graduate Education at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, with funding from the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Annual Reviews Inc.. All rights reserved.

PY - 2021

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N2 - Chitin is a structural polymer in many eukaryotes. Many organisms can degrade chitin to defend against chitinous pathogens or use chitin oligomers as food. Beneficial microorganisms like nitrogen-fixing symbiotic rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi produce chitin-based signal molecules called lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) and short chitin oligomers to initiate a symbiotic relationship with their compatible hosts and exchange nutrients. A recent study revealed that a broad range of fungi produce LCOs and chitooligosaccharides (COs), suggesting that these signaling molecules are not limited to beneficial microbes. The fungal LCOs also affect fungal growth and development, indicating that the roles of LCOs beyond symbiosis and LCO production may predate mycorrhizal symbiosis. This review describes the diverse structures of chitin; their perception by eukaryotes and prokaryotes; and their roles in symbiotic interactions, defense, and microbe-microbe interactions. We also discuss potential strategies of fungi to synthesize LCOs and their roles in fungi with different lifestyles.

AB - Chitin is a structural polymer in many eukaryotes. Many organisms can degrade chitin to defend against chitinous pathogens or use chitin oligomers as food. Beneficial microorganisms like nitrogen-fixing symbiotic rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi produce chitin-based signal molecules called lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) and short chitin oligomers to initiate a symbiotic relationship with their compatible hosts and exchange nutrients. A recent study revealed that a broad range of fungi produce LCOs and chitooligosaccharides (COs), suggesting that these signaling molecules are not limited to beneficial microbes. The fungal LCOs also affect fungal growth and development, indicating that the roles of LCOs beyond symbiosis and LCO production may predate mycorrhizal symbiosis. This review describes the diverse structures of chitin; their perception by eukaryotes and prokaryotes; and their roles in symbiotic interactions, defense, and microbe-microbe interactions. We also discuss potential strategies of fungi to synthesize LCOs and their roles in fungi with different lifestyles.

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Deciphering the Chitin Code in Plant Symbiosis, Defense, and Microbial Networks

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

PubMed: MeSH publication types

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