Cross-sectional data accurately model longitudinal growth in the craniofacial skeleton

Kevin M. Middleton, Dana L. Duren, Kieran P. McNulty, Heesoo Oh, Manish Valiathan, Richard J. Sherwood

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Dense, longitudinal sampling represents the ideal for studying biological growth. However, longitudinal samples are not typically possible, due to limits of time, prohibitive cost, or health concerns of repeat radiologic imaging. In contrast, cross-sectional samples have few such drawbacks, but it is not known how well estimates of growth milestones can be obtained from cross-sectional samples. The Craniofacial Growth Consortium Study (CGCS) contains longitudinal growth data for approximately 2000 individuals. Single samples from the CGCS for individuals representing cross-sectional data were used to test the ability to predict growth parameters in linear trait measurements separately by sex. Testing across a range of cross-sectional sample sizes from 5 to the full sample, we found that means from repeated samples were able to approximate growth rates determined from the full longitudinal CGCS sample, with mean absolute differences below 1 mm at cross-sectional sample sizes greater than ~ 200 individuals. Our results show that growth parameters and milestones can be accurately estimated from cross-sectional data compared to population-level estimates from complete longitudinal data, underscoring the utility of such datasets in growth modeling. This method can be applied to other forms of growth (e.g., stature) and to cases in which repeated radiographs are not feasible (e.g., cone-beam CT).

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number19294
JournalScientific reports
Volume13
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 2023

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s).

PubMed: MeSH publication types

  • Journal Article
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

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