Cross-diagnostic analysis of cognitive control in mental illness: Insights from the CNTRACS consortium

Jason Smucny; Deanna M. Barch; James M. Gold; Milton E. Strauss; Angus W. MacDonald; Megan A. Boudewyn; J. Daniel Ragland; Steven M. Silverstein; Cameron S. Carter

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2019.01.018

Cross-diagnostic analysis of cognitive control in mental illness: Insights from the CNTRACS consortium

Jason Smucny, Deanna M. Barch, James M. Gold, Milton E. Strauss, Angus W. MacDonald, Megan A. Boudewyn, J. Daniel Ragland, Steven M. Silverstein, Cameron S. Carter

Psychology (Twin Cities)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

8 Scopus citations

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In recent years, psychiatry research has increasingly focused on understanding mental illnesses from a cross-diagnostic, dimensional perspective in order to better align their neurocognitive features with underlying neurobiological mechanisms. In this multi-site study, we examined two measures of cognitive control (d-prime context and lapsing rate) during the Dot Probe Expectancy (DPX) version of the AX-Continuous Performance Task in patients with either schizophrenia (SZ), schizoaffective disorder (SZ-A), or Type I bipolar disorder (BD) as well as healthy control (HC) subjects. We hypothesized significantly lower d-prime context and higher lapsing rate in SZ and SZ-A patients and intermediate levels in BD patients relative to HC.

METHODS: 72 HC, 84 SZ, 77 SZ-A, and 58 BD patients (ages 18-56) were included in the final study sample.

RESULTS: Significant main effects of diagnosis were observed on d-prime context (F(3,279) = 9.59, p < 0.001) and lapsing (F(3,279) = 8.08, p < 0.001). A priori linear contrasts suggesting intermediate dysfunction in BD patients were significant (p < 0.001), although post-hoc tests showed the BD group was only significantly different from HC on d-prime context. Group results for d-prime context remained significant after covarying for lapsing rate. Primary behavioral measures were associated with mania and disorganization symptoms as well as everyday functioning.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a continuum of dysfunction in cognitive control (particularly d-prime context) across diagnostic categories in psychiatric illness. These results further suggest that lapsing and d-prime context, while related, make unique contributions towards explaining deficits in cognitive control in these disorders.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	377-383
Number of pages	7
Journal	Schizophrenia Research
Volume	208
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2019.01.018
State	Published - Jun 2019

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This study was supported by a research grant from the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) (5R01-MH059883).

Funding Information:
This study was supported by a research grant from the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) ( 5R01-MH059883 ).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier B.V.

Keywords

Ax-cpt
Bipolar disorder
Cognitive control
D-prime context
Schizoaffective disorder
Schizophrenia

PubMed: MeSH publication types

Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

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@article{413a8ed80b674ea091517d9a969e47b2,

title = "Cross-diagnostic analysis of cognitive control in mental illness: Insights from the CNTRACS consortium",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: In recent years, psychiatry research has increasingly focused on understanding mental illnesses from a cross-diagnostic, dimensional perspective in order to better align their neurocognitive features with underlying neurobiological mechanisms. In this multi-site study, we examined two measures of cognitive control (d-prime context and lapsing rate) during the Dot Probe Expectancy (DPX) version of the AX-Continuous Performance Task in patients with either schizophrenia (SZ), schizoaffective disorder (SZ-A), or Type I bipolar disorder (BD) as well as healthy control (HC) subjects. We hypothesized significantly lower d-prime context and higher lapsing rate in SZ and SZ-A patients and intermediate levels in BD patients relative to HC.METHODS: 72 HC, 84 SZ, 77 SZ-A, and 58 BD patients (ages 18-56) were included in the final study sample.RESULTS: Significant main effects of diagnosis were observed on d-prime context (F(3,279) = 9.59, p < 0.001) and lapsing (F(3,279) = 8.08, p < 0.001). A priori linear contrasts suggesting intermediate dysfunction in BD patients were significant (p < 0.001), although post-hoc tests showed the BD group was only significantly different from HC on d-prime context. Group results for d-prime context remained significant after covarying for lapsing rate. Primary behavioral measures were associated with mania and disorganization symptoms as well as everyday functioning.CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a continuum of dysfunction in cognitive control (particularly d-prime context) across diagnostic categories in psychiatric illness. These results further suggest that lapsing and d-prime context, while related, make unique contributions towards explaining deficits in cognitive control in these disorders.",

keywords = "Ax-cpt, Bipolar disorder, Cognitive control, D-prime context, Schizoaffective disorder, Schizophrenia",

author = "Jason Smucny and Barch, {Deanna M.} and Gold, {James M.} and Strauss, {Milton E.} and MacDonald, {Angus W.} and Boudewyn, {Megan A.} and Ragland, {J. Daniel} and Silverstein, {Steven M.} and Carter, {Cameron S.}",

note = "Funding Information: This study was supported by a research grant from the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) (5R01-MH059883). Funding Information: This study was supported by a research grant from the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) ( 5R01-MH059883 ). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Elsevier B.V.",

year = "2019",

month = jun,

doi = "10.1016/j.schres.2019.01.018",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "208",

pages = "377--383",

journal = "Schizophrenia Research",

issn = "0920-9964",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Cross-diagnostic analysis of cognitive control in mental illness

T2 - Insights from the CNTRACS consortium

AU - Smucny, Jason

AU - Barch, Deanna M.

AU - Gold, James M.

AU - Strauss, Milton E.

AU - MacDonald, Angus W.

AU - Boudewyn, Megan A.

AU - Ragland, J. Daniel

AU - Silverstein, Steven M.

AU - Carter, Cameron S.

N1 - Funding Information: This study was supported by a research grant from the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) (5R01-MH059883). Funding Information: This study was supported by a research grant from the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) ( 5R01-MH059883 ). Publisher Copyright: © 2019 Elsevier B.V.

PY - 2019/6

Y1 - 2019/6

N2 - BACKGROUND: In recent years, psychiatry research has increasingly focused on understanding mental illnesses from a cross-diagnostic, dimensional perspective in order to better align their neurocognitive features with underlying neurobiological mechanisms. In this multi-site study, we examined two measures of cognitive control (d-prime context and lapsing rate) during the Dot Probe Expectancy (DPX) version of the AX-Continuous Performance Task in patients with either schizophrenia (SZ), schizoaffective disorder (SZ-A), or Type I bipolar disorder (BD) as well as healthy control (HC) subjects. We hypothesized significantly lower d-prime context and higher lapsing rate in SZ and SZ-A patients and intermediate levels in BD patients relative to HC.METHODS: 72 HC, 84 SZ, 77 SZ-A, and 58 BD patients (ages 18-56) were included in the final study sample.RESULTS: Significant main effects of diagnosis were observed on d-prime context (F(3,279) = 9.59, p < 0.001) and lapsing (F(3,279) = 8.08, p < 0.001). A priori linear contrasts suggesting intermediate dysfunction in BD patients were significant (p < 0.001), although post-hoc tests showed the BD group was only significantly different from HC on d-prime context. Group results for d-prime context remained significant after covarying for lapsing rate. Primary behavioral measures were associated with mania and disorganization symptoms as well as everyday functioning.CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a continuum of dysfunction in cognitive control (particularly d-prime context) across diagnostic categories in psychiatric illness. These results further suggest that lapsing and d-prime context, while related, make unique contributions towards explaining deficits in cognitive control in these disorders.

AB - BACKGROUND: In recent years, psychiatry research has increasingly focused on understanding mental illnesses from a cross-diagnostic, dimensional perspective in order to better align their neurocognitive features with underlying neurobiological mechanisms. In this multi-site study, we examined two measures of cognitive control (d-prime context and lapsing rate) during the Dot Probe Expectancy (DPX) version of the AX-Continuous Performance Task in patients with either schizophrenia (SZ), schizoaffective disorder (SZ-A), or Type I bipolar disorder (BD) as well as healthy control (HC) subjects. We hypothesized significantly lower d-prime context and higher lapsing rate in SZ and SZ-A patients and intermediate levels in BD patients relative to HC.METHODS: 72 HC, 84 SZ, 77 SZ-A, and 58 BD patients (ages 18-56) were included in the final study sample.RESULTS: Significant main effects of diagnosis were observed on d-prime context (F(3,279) = 9.59, p < 0.001) and lapsing (F(3,279) = 8.08, p < 0.001). A priori linear contrasts suggesting intermediate dysfunction in BD patients were significant (p < 0.001), although post-hoc tests showed the BD group was only significantly different from HC on d-prime context. Group results for d-prime context remained significant after covarying for lapsing rate. Primary behavioral measures were associated with mania and disorganization symptoms as well as everyday functioning.CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a continuum of dysfunction in cognitive control (particularly d-prime context) across diagnostic categories in psychiatric illness. These results further suggest that lapsing and d-prime context, while related, make unique contributions towards explaining deficits in cognitive control in these disorders.

KW - Ax-cpt

KW - Bipolar disorder

KW - Cognitive control

KW - D-prime context

KW - Schizoaffective disorder

KW - Schizophrenia

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AN - SCOPUS:85060552555

SN - 0920-9964

VL - 208

SP - 377

EP - 383

JO - Schizophrenia Research

JF - Schizophrenia Research

ER -

Cross-diagnostic analysis of cognitive control in mental illness: Insights from the CNTRACS consortium

Abstract

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Keywords

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UN SDGs

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