Coordination and crisis in monetary unions

Mark Aguiar, Manuel Amador, Emmanuel Farhi, Gita Gopinath

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

40 Scopus citations

Abstract

We study fiscal and monetary policy in a monetary union with the potential for rollover crises in sovereign debt markets. Member-country fiscal authorities lack commitment to repay their debt and choose fiscal policy independently. A common monetary authority chooses inflation for the union, also without commitment. We first describe the existence of a fiscal externality that arises in the presence of limited commitment and leads countries to overborrow; this externality rationalizes the imposition of debt ceilings in a monetary union. We then investigate the impact of the composition of debt in a monetary union, that is the fraction of high-debt versus low-debt members, on the occurrence of self-fulfilling debt crises. We demonstrate that a high-debt country may be less vulnerable to crises and have higher welfare when it belongs to a union with an intermediate mix of high- and low-debt members, than one where all other members are low-debt. This contrasts with the conventional wisdom that all countries should prefer a union with low-debt members, as such a union can credibly deliver low inflation. These findings shed new light on the criteria for an optimal currency area in the presence of rollover crises.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1727-1779
Number of pages53
JournalQuarterly Journal of Economics
Volume130
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - Nov 2015

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2015. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of President and Fellows of Harvard College. All rights reserved.

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