Contributions of Key Components of a Medical Home on Child Health Outcomes

Objectives: The medical home model is a widely accepted model of team-based primary care. We examined five components of the medical home model in order to better understand their unique contributions to child health outcomes. Methods: We analyzed data from the 2016–2017 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) to assess five key medical home components – usual source of care, personal doctor/nurse, family-centered care, referral access, and coordinated care – and their associations with child outcomes. Health outcomes included emergency department (ED) visits, unmet health care needs, preventive medical visits, preventive dental visits, health status, and oral health status. We used multivariate regression controlling for child characteristics including age, sex, primary household language, race/ethnicity, income, parental education, health insurance coverage, and special healthcare needs. Results: Children who were not white, living in non-English households, with less family income or education, or who were uninsured had lower rates of access to a medical home and its components. A medical home was associated with beneficial child outcomes for all six of the outcomes and the family-centered care component was associated with better results in five outcomes. ED visits were less likely for children who received care coordination (aOR 0.81, CI 0.70–0.94). Conclusions for Practice: Our study highlights the role of key components of the medical home and the importance of access to family-centered health care that provides needed coordination for children. Health care reforms should consider disparities in access to a medical home and specific components and the contributions of each component to provide quality primary care for all children.