Abstract
Proton MR spectra of the brain, especially those measured at short and intermediate echo times, contain signals from mobile macromolecules (MM). A description of the main MM is provided in this consensus paper. These broad peaks of MM underlie the narrower peaks of metabolites and often complicate their quantification but they also may have potential importance as biomarkers in specific diseases. Thus, separation of broad MM signals from low molecular weight metabolites enables accurate determination of metabolite concentrations and is of primary interest in many studies. Other studies attempt to understand the origin of the MM spectrum, to decompose it into individual spectral regions or peaks and to use the components of the MM spectrum as markers of various physiological or pathological conditions in biomedical research or clinical practice. The aim of this consensus paper is to provide an overview and some recommendations on how to handle the MM signals in different types of studies together with a list of open issues in the field, which are all summarized at the end of the paper.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Article number | e4393 |
| Journal | NMR in biomedicine |
| Volume | 34 |
| Issue number | 5 |
| Early online date | Nov 25 2020 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - May 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:These experts' consensus recommendations were arrived at from senior members of the authorship, who are all longtime experts in MRS methodology in general and this special topic in particular. The trainee members of the authorship are also well familiar with this topic and have fulfilled the requirements for authorship by contributing data, literature search and/or assisting in drafting, discussing, and revising the manuscript; namely, Tamas Borbath, Saipavitra Murali-Manohar, Veronika Rackayová, Dunja Simicic and Andrew Martin Wright contributed to Appendix S1 and Appendix S3 and to the figures presented in this paper.A further group of MRS experts, all of them with years of expertise in the field of MRS methodology and/or macromolecules handling in 1H MRS brain spectra, was collected to support the recommendations as the “Experts Collaborators Group on Contribution of macromolecules to brain 1H MR spectra”. The members of the group are listed in Appendix S1, Table S5. The authors are grateful for the input of Dr J Valette in section 3, Prof. R. Bartha and Dr. S. Provencher in Appendix S3, and Dr Georg Oeltzschner in the Dissemination (section 9) and Appendix S3. The preparation of this paper was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation Grant numbers: 320030–175,984 (RK) and 310030_173222/1 (CC); Horizon 2020 / CDS-QUAMRI Grant number: 634541 (AH, TB and SMM); Horizon 2020 / SYNAPLAST Grant number: 679927 (AH and AMW); US National Institutes of Health Grant numbers: P41- P41EB015909 (MP); R01 MH109159 (KLB); P41-EB027061, P30-NS076408, (MM and IT); Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Grant number: P 30701-B27 (WB); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic Grant number: CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001775 (ZS and JS).
Funding Information:
These experts' consensus recommendations were arrived at from senior members of the authorship, who are all longtime experts in MRS methodology in general and this special topic in particular. The trainee members of the authorship are also well familiar with this topic and have fulfilled the requirements for authorship by contributing data, literature search and/or assisting in drafting, discussing, and revising the manuscript; namely, Tamas Borbath, Saipavitra Murali‐Manohar, Veronika Rackayová, Dunja Simicic and Andrew Martin Wright contributed to Appendix S1 and Appendix S3 and to the figures presented in this paper.A further group of MRS experts, all of them with years of expertise in the field of MRS methodology and/or macromolecules handling in H MRS brain spectra, was collected to support the recommendations as the “Experts Collaborators Group on Contribution of macromolecules to brain H MR spectra”. The members of the group are listed in Appendix S1 , Table S5 . The authors are grateful for the input of Dr J Valette in section 3 , Prof. R. Bartha and Dr. S. Provencher in Appendix S3 , and Dr Georg Oeltzschner in the Dissemination (section 9) and Appendix S3 . The preparation of this paper was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation Grant numbers: 320030–175,984 (RK) and 310030_173222/1 (CC); Horizon 2020 / CDS‐QUAMRI Grant number: 634541 (AH, TB and SMM); Horizon 2020 / SYNAPLAST Grant number: 679927 (AH and AMW); US National Institutes of Health Grant numbers: P41‐ P41EB015909 (MP); R01 MH109159 (KLB); P41‐EB027061, P30‐NS076408, (MM and IT); Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Grant number: P 30701‐B27 (WB); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic Grant number: CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001775 (ZS and JS). 1 1
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keywords
- brain macromolecules
- fitting
- metabolite quantification
- mobile lipids
- parameterization
- proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- quantification
- spectral analysis