Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: An unrecognized epidemic

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading cause of congenital viral infection. CMV infection often goes undiagnosed in newborns because it may be asymptomatic. However, congenital CMV infection is responsible for serious long-term sequelae, including hearing loss, cognitive deficits, microcephaly, and motor deficits. The diagnosis is best established by detection of the virus, either through culture techniques or via polymerase chain reaction, in samples collected within the first 2 to 3 weeks of life. In addition to a careful physical examination, the workup of a newborn with congenital CMV infection should include cranial imaging (CT, MRI, and/or ultrasonography), audiological evaluation, and ophthalmological examination. Antiviral therapy and rehabilitation may reduce the morbidity associated with the disease.