Concomitant Respiratory Failure Can Impair Myocardial Oxygenation in Patients with Acute Cardiogenic Shock Supported by VA-ECMO

Anthony R. Prisco, Jazmin Aguado-Sierra, Constantine Butakoff, Mariano Vazquez, Guillaume Houzeaux, Beatriz Eguzkitza, Jason A. Bartos, Demetris Yannopoulos, Ganesh Raveendran, Mikayle Holm, Tinen Iles, Claudius Mahr, Paul A. Iaizzo

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

13 Scopus citations

Abstract

Venous-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) treatment for acute cardiogenic shock in patients who also have acute lung injury predisposes development of a serious complication called "north-south syndrome" (NSS) which causes cerebral hypoxia. NSS is poorly characterized and hemodynamic studies have focused on cerebral perfusion ignoring the heart. We hypothesized in NSS the heart would be more likely to receive hypoxemic blood than the brain due to the proximity of the coronary arteries to the aortic annulus. To test this, we conducted a computational fluid dynamics simulation of blood flow in a human supported by VA-ECMO. Simulations quantified the fraction of blood at each aortic branching vessel originating from residual native cardiac output versus VA-ECMO. As residual cardiac function was increased, simulations demonstrated myocardial hypoxia would develop prior to cerebral hypoxia. These results illustrate the conditions where NSS will develop and the relative cardiac function that will lead to organ-specific hypoxia. Illustration of the impact of north-south syndrome on organ-specific oxygen delivery. Patients on VA-ECMO have two sources of blood flow, one from the VA-ECMO circuit and one from the residual cardiac function. When there is no residual cardiac function, all organs are perfused with oxygenated blood. As myocardial recovery progresses, blood supply from the two sources will begin to mix resulting in non-homogeneous mixing and differential oxygenation based upon the anatomical site of branching vessels.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)217-226
Number of pages10
JournalJournal of cardiovascular translational research
Volume15
Issue number2
Early online dateFeb 23 2021
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by the University of Minnesota’s Medical School Academic Investment Education Program grant and the Institute for Engineering in Medicine. We also acknowledge the Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe (PRACE) for awarding us access to Joliot-Curie Rome supercomputer at Bruyères-le-Châtel, under the project Cardiovascular-COVID. Additionally, we would like to acknowledge the Torres Quevedo Program, the Ramón y Cajal Program, and the European Institute of Innovation and Technology for support.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s).

Keywords

  • Acute respiratory distress syndrome
  • Computational fluid dynamics
  • North-south syndrome
  • VA-ECMO

PubMed: MeSH publication types

  • Journal Article
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

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