Computer simulation of energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, and costs for alternative methods of processing fluid milk¹

Agriculture & Biology

• cleaning 4%
• computer simulation 62%
• cream 5%
• electric power 5%
• electricity 11%
• energy 34%
• energy costs 62%
• energy efficiency 5%
• energy use and consumption 22%
• extended shelf life 6%
• fluid milk 26%
• fluids 42%
• greenhouse gas emissions 64%
• high-temperature short-time pasteurization 31%
• homogenization 10%
• methodology 15%
• microfiltration 37%
• milk 15%
• natural gas 11%
• processing technology 4%
• production costs 4%
• pulsed electric fields 18%
• raw milk 62%
• shelf life 4%
• simulation models 9%
• specific energy 18%
• supply chain 5%
• temperature 11%
• water 13%
• whole milk 5%

Medicine & Life Sciences

• Benchmarking 5%
• Computer Simulation 54%
• Costs and Cost Analysis 35%
• Drinking 2%
• Electricity 7%
• Greenhouse Gases 100%
• Membranes 1%
• Milk 53%
• Natural Gas 8%
• Pasteurization 16%
• Technology 1%
• Temperature 18%
• Water 10%