Co-generation studies in Turkey: An application of a ceramic factory in Izmir, Turkey

At present, energy conservation and more efficient use of energy resources represent probably the most pursued energy activity. Whenever a simultaneous demand for power and process heat is needed, combined heat and power (CHP) or sometimes also referred to as a co-generation (COGEN) system offers an opportunity which can contribute significantly to the efficient use of energy. In other words, COGEN systems are expected to play an important role in solving the global energy and environmental problems that are at issue in recent years. The present paper deals with many aspects of the implementation of CHP studies in Turkey. An application of a ceramic factory located in Izmir, Turkey, with a total installed capacity of 13 MW_e is also presented and discussed. COGEN systems have been installed for last few years in Turkey. Up to 1994, only four COGEN plants were operated, representing a total capacity of 30 MW_e. As of March 2000, 80 autoproduction (the production of electricity by industrial facilities for their own use in Turkey based on the Turkish Trade Law is called autoproduction) facilities with a total capacity of 2079 MW (conventional COGEN is excluded) were placed in operation. The annual energy produced was 10848 GWh in 1999, constituting 9.3% of the annual GWh produced in Turkey. The total capacity of autoproducers is expected to grow by 281% in the period to 2005, representing 20% of total capacity of Turkey. In this context, COGEN has had, or will have, a significant and increasing role in dictating the energy strategies for Turkey.