TY - JOUR
T1 - [Closo-B10H10]2- as a structural element for quadrupolar liquid crystals
T2 - A new class of liquid crystalline NLO chromophores
AU - Jankowiak, Aleksandra
AU - Baliński, Andrzej
AU - Harvey, James E.
AU - Mason, Kristein
AU - Januszko, Adam
AU - Kaszyński, Piotr
AU - Young, Victor G.
AU - Persoons, Andre
PY - 2013/2/14
Y1 - 2013/2/14
N2 - Several electrically neutral, highly quadrupolar derivatives of the [closo-B10H10]2- cluster (I) substituted in the apical positions with onium fragments derived from 4-alkoxypyridine, 4-pentylthian, 4-pentylquinuclidine, or dinitrogen were synthesized from the parent cluster in 2-5 steps, and their thermal, structural, photophysical and dielectric properties were investigated. Only derivatives 2, containing thianium and alkoxypyridinium substituents with linear alkyl chains, exhibit liquid crystalline behavior and form a nematic phase. α-Branching of the alkoxy chain leads to marked destabilization of both crystalline and nematic phases, which suggests the importance of polar interactions in phase stabilization of these compounds. Derivatives 2 and 3 with one π and one σ substituent, Q+, exhibit a directional cluster-to-Q charge transfer and increase of the net electric dipole moment to μe = 17.9 D for 2a upon photo-excitation. They are weak fluorophores (Φf = 2-7%). Detailed investigation of 4-heptyloxypyridinium derivative 2b revealed that it exhibits a nematic phase above 100 °C with Δε = +1.3 (130 °C), and a moderate negative solvatochromism. Hyper-Rayleigh scattering measurement gave βHRS = 45 ± 10 × 10-30 esu at 1064 nm. In solutions, and presumably in the melt, it exists as a mixture of interconverting trans and cis isomers at about 4 1 ratio with ΔG 298 = 0.82 ± 0.06 kcal mol-1 and ΔG‡298 = 25.3 ± 0.6 kcal mol-1 established by VT NMR methods.
AB - Several electrically neutral, highly quadrupolar derivatives of the [closo-B10H10]2- cluster (I) substituted in the apical positions with onium fragments derived from 4-alkoxypyridine, 4-pentylthian, 4-pentylquinuclidine, or dinitrogen were synthesized from the parent cluster in 2-5 steps, and their thermal, structural, photophysical and dielectric properties were investigated. Only derivatives 2, containing thianium and alkoxypyridinium substituents with linear alkyl chains, exhibit liquid crystalline behavior and form a nematic phase. α-Branching of the alkoxy chain leads to marked destabilization of both crystalline and nematic phases, which suggests the importance of polar interactions in phase stabilization of these compounds. Derivatives 2 and 3 with one π and one σ substituent, Q+, exhibit a directional cluster-to-Q charge transfer and increase of the net electric dipole moment to μe = 17.9 D for 2a upon photo-excitation. They are weak fluorophores (Φf = 2-7%). Detailed investigation of 4-heptyloxypyridinium derivative 2b revealed that it exhibits a nematic phase above 100 °C with Δε = +1.3 (130 °C), and a moderate negative solvatochromism. Hyper-Rayleigh scattering measurement gave βHRS = 45 ± 10 × 10-30 esu at 1064 nm. In solutions, and presumably in the melt, it exists as a mixture of interconverting trans and cis isomers at about 4 1 ratio with ΔG 298 = 0.82 ± 0.06 kcal mol-1 and ΔG‡298 = 25.3 ± 0.6 kcal mol-1 established by VT NMR methods.
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U2 - 10.1039/c2tc00547f
DO - 10.1039/c2tc00547f
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84876926260
VL - 1
SP - 1144
EP - 1159
JO - Journal of Materials Chemistry C
JF - Journal of Materials Chemistry C
SN - 2050-7526
IS - 6
ER -