Climate stability in central Anatolia during the Messinian Salinity Crisis

Maud J.M. Meijers; A. Ahmet Peynircioğlu; Michael A. Cosca; Gilles Y. Brocard; Donna L. Whitney; Cor G. Langereis; Andreas Mulch

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.03.001

Climate stability in central Anatolia during the Messinian Salinity Crisis

Maud J.M. Meijers, A. Ahmet Peynircioğlu, Michael A. Cosca, Gilles Y. Brocard, Donna L. Whitney, Cor G. Langereis, Andreas Mulch

Earth and Environmental Sciences-Twin Cities

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

11 Scopus citations

Abstract

Deposition of large amounts of evaporites and erosion of deep canyons within the Mediterranean Basin as a result of reduced basin connectivity with the Atlantic Ocean and the epicontinental Paratethys Sea characterized the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC, 5.97–5.33 Ma). The influence of the MSC on Mediterranean environmental conditions within the basin itself has been intensely studied from marine records, but reconstructing the impact of the MSC on circum-Mediterranean continental climate has been hampered by the absence of continuous sedimentary archives that span the duration of the event. Here, we report results of a continental record of carbon (δ¹³C) and oxygen (δ¹⁸O) isotopes from lake carbonates framed by new magnetostratigraphic and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating, as well as by existing mammal stratigraphy (Kangal Basin, central Anatolia). The sampled section records continuous fluvio-lacustrine sedimentation from ~6.6 Ma to 4.9 Ma, which spans the MSC and the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. This dataset so far represents the only continuous continental paleoenvironmental record of the MSC in the circum-Mediterranean realm. The Kangal Basin isotope record indicates a low degree of evaporation. Furthermore, covariance between δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O suggests a coupling between lake water balance and biologic productivity. Variations in δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O therefore likely reflect changes in the amount of incoming precipitation, rather than changes in δ¹⁸O values of incoming precipitation. The most prominent spike in δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O occurs during the acme of the MSC and is therefore interpreted to have resulted from a decrease in the amount of incoming moisture correlative to a period of vigorous erosion and sea level lowering in the Mediterranean Basin. Major sea level lowering of Mediterranean basin waters during the acme of the MSC could have therefore led to slightly dryer conditions over Anatolia, which is also suggested by modeling studies. Overall, changes in δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values are small. Therefore, we surmise that the MSC had limited effects on the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic conditions in the Anatolian interior.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	53-67
Number of pages	15
Journal	Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
Volume	498
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.03.001
State	Published - Jun 1 2018

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We acknowledge support through the NSF Continental Dynamics program ( EAR-1109762 ) “Central Anatolian Tectonics (CD-CAT)” to Whitney; the College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota (Meijers), and the LOEWE initiative of Hesse's Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and the Arts (Mulch). We thank Mary Reid for sampling of the basalt; Ömer Balak for conducting paleomagnetic lab work; Côme Lefebvre, Seçkin Şiş and Levent Tosun for their help in the field; Jens Fiebig for laboratory support at the joint Goethe University—Senckenberg BiK-F Stable Isotope Facility; satellite imagery copyright by DigitalGlobe, Inc., provided through the Polar Geospatial Center (University of Minnesota—Twin Cities) and processed by Côme Lefebvre; Iuliana Vasiliev for discussion; Faruk Ocakoğlu and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive reviews, as well as Ferhat Kaya for conducting the mandatory internal UGSG review. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Funding Information:
We acknowledge support through the NSF Continental Dynamics program (EAR-1109762) “Central Anatolian Tectonics (CD-CAT)” to Whitney; the College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota (Meijers), and the LOEWE initiative of Hesse's Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and the Arts (Mulch). We thank Mary Reid for sampling of the basalt; Ömer Balak for conducting paleomagnetic lab work; Côme Lefebvre, Seçkin Şiş and Levent Tosun for their help in the field; Jens Fiebig for laboratory support at the joint Goethe University—Senckenberg BiK-F Stable Isotope Facility; satellite imagery copyright by DigitalGlobe, Inc., provided through the Polar Geospatial Center (University of Minnesota—Twin Cities) and processed by Côme Lefebvre; Iuliana Vasiliev for discussion; Faruk Ocakoğlu and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive reviews, as well as Ferhat Kaya for conducting the mandatory internal UGSG review. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier B.V.

Keywords

Central Anatolian Plateau
Continental sedimentation
Magnetostratigraphy
Messinian Salinity Crisis
Stable isotope geochemistry

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10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.03.001

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Climate stability in central Anatolia during the Messinian Salinity Crisis. / Meijers, Maud J.M.; Peynircioğlu, A. Ahmet; Cosca, Michael A.; Brocard, Gilles Y.; Whitney, Donna L.; Langereis, Cor G.; Mulch, Andreas.

In: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Vol. 498, 01.06.2018, p. 53-67.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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title = "Climate stability in central Anatolia during the Messinian Salinity Crisis",

abstract = "Deposition of large amounts of evaporites and erosion of deep canyons within the Mediterranean Basin as a result of reduced basin connectivity with the Atlantic Ocean and the epicontinental Paratethys Sea characterized the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC, 5.97–5.33 Ma). The influence of the MSC on Mediterranean environmental conditions within the basin itself has been intensely studied from marine records, but reconstructing the impact of the MSC on circum-Mediterranean continental climate has been hampered by the absence of continuous sedimentary archives that span the duration of the event. Here, we report results of a continental record of carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopes from lake carbonates framed by new magnetostratigraphic and 40Ar/39Ar dating, as well as by existing mammal stratigraphy (Kangal Basin, central Anatolia). The sampled section records continuous fluvio-lacustrine sedimentation from ~6.6 Ma to 4.9 Ma, which spans the MSC and the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. This dataset so far represents the only continuous continental paleoenvironmental record of the MSC in the circum-Mediterranean realm. The Kangal Basin isotope record indicates a low degree of evaporation. Furthermore, covariance between δ13C and δ18O suggests a coupling between lake water balance and biologic productivity. Variations in δ13C and δ18O therefore likely reflect changes in the amount of incoming precipitation, rather than changes in δ18O values of incoming precipitation. The most prominent spike in δ13C and δ18O occurs during the acme of the MSC and is therefore interpreted to have resulted from a decrease in the amount of incoming moisture correlative to a period of vigorous erosion and sea level lowering in the Mediterranean Basin. Major sea level lowering of Mediterranean basin waters during the acme of the MSC could have therefore led to slightly dryer conditions over Anatolia, which is also suggested by modeling studies. Overall, changes in δ13C and δ18O values are small. Therefore, we surmise that the MSC had limited effects on the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic conditions in the Anatolian interior.",

keywords = "Central Anatolian Plateau, Continental sedimentation, Magnetostratigraphy, Messinian Salinity Crisis, Stable isotope geochemistry",

author = "Meijers, {Maud J.M.} and Peynircioğlu, {A. Ahmet} and Cosca, {Michael A.} and Brocard, {Gilles Y.} and Whitney, {Donna L.} and Langereis, {Cor G.} and Andreas Mulch",

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doi = "10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.03.001",

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AU - Whitney, Donna L.

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N1 - Funding Information: We acknowledge support through the NSF Continental Dynamics program ( EAR-1109762 ) “Central Anatolian Tectonics (CD-CAT)” to Whitney; the College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota (Meijers), and the LOEWE initiative of Hesse's Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and the Arts (Mulch). We thank Mary Reid for sampling of the basalt; Ömer Balak for conducting paleomagnetic lab work; Côme Lefebvre, Seçkin Şiş and Levent Tosun for their help in the field; Jens Fiebig for laboratory support at the joint Goethe University—Senckenberg BiK-F Stable Isotope Facility; satellite imagery copyright by DigitalGlobe, Inc., provided through the Polar Geospatial Center (University of Minnesota—Twin Cities) and processed by Côme Lefebvre; Iuliana Vasiliev for discussion; Faruk Ocakoğlu and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive reviews, as well as Ferhat Kaya for conducting the mandatory internal UGSG review. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Funding Information: We acknowledge support through the NSF Continental Dynamics program (EAR-1109762) “Central Anatolian Tectonics (CD-CAT)” to Whitney; the College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota (Meijers), and the LOEWE initiative of Hesse's Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and the Arts (Mulch). We thank Mary Reid for sampling of the basalt; Ömer Balak for conducting paleomagnetic lab work; Côme Lefebvre, Seçkin Şiş and Levent Tosun for their help in the field; Jens Fiebig for laboratory support at the joint Goethe University—Senckenberg BiK-F Stable Isotope Facility; satellite imagery copyright by DigitalGlobe, Inc., provided through the Polar Geospatial Center (University of Minnesota—Twin Cities) and processed by Côme Lefebvre; Iuliana Vasiliev for discussion; Faruk Ocakoğlu and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive reviews, as well as Ferhat Kaya for conducting the mandatory internal UGSG review. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Publisher Copyright: © 2018 Elsevier B.V.

PY - 2018/6/1

Y1 - 2018/6/1

N2 - Deposition of large amounts of evaporites and erosion of deep canyons within the Mediterranean Basin as a result of reduced basin connectivity with the Atlantic Ocean and the epicontinental Paratethys Sea characterized the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC, 5.97–5.33 Ma). The influence of the MSC on Mediterranean environmental conditions within the basin itself has been intensely studied from marine records, but reconstructing the impact of the MSC on circum-Mediterranean continental climate has been hampered by the absence of continuous sedimentary archives that span the duration of the event. Here, we report results of a continental record of carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopes from lake carbonates framed by new magnetostratigraphic and 40Ar/39Ar dating, as well as by existing mammal stratigraphy (Kangal Basin, central Anatolia). The sampled section records continuous fluvio-lacustrine sedimentation from ~6.6 Ma to 4.9 Ma, which spans the MSC and the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. This dataset so far represents the only continuous continental paleoenvironmental record of the MSC in the circum-Mediterranean realm. The Kangal Basin isotope record indicates a low degree of evaporation. Furthermore, covariance between δ13C and δ18O suggests a coupling between lake water balance and biologic productivity. Variations in δ13C and δ18O therefore likely reflect changes in the amount of incoming precipitation, rather than changes in δ18O values of incoming precipitation. The most prominent spike in δ13C and δ18O occurs during the acme of the MSC and is therefore interpreted to have resulted from a decrease in the amount of incoming moisture correlative to a period of vigorous erosion and sea level lowering in the Mediterranean Basin. Major sea level lowering of Mediterranean basin waters during the acme of the MSC could have therefore led to slightly dryer conditions over Anatolia, which is also suggested by modeling studies. Overall, changes in δ13C and δ18O values are small. Therefore, we surmise that the MSC had limited effects on the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic conditions in the Anatolian interior.

AB - Deposition of large amounts of evaporites and erosion of deep canyons within the Mediterranean Basin as a result of reduced basin connectivity with the Atlantic Ocean and the epicontinental Paratethys Sea characterized the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC, 5.97–5.33 Ma). The influence of the MSC on Mediterranean environmental conditions within the basin itself has been intensely studied from marine records, but reconstructing the impact of the MSC on circum-Mediterranean continental climate has been hampered by the absence of continuous sedimentary archives that span the duration of the event. Here, we report results of a continental record of carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopes from lake carbonates framed by new magnetostratigraphic and 40Ar/39Ar dating, as well as by existing mammal stratigraphy (Kangal Basin, central Anatolia). The sampled section records continuous fluvio-lacustrine sedimentation from ~6.6 Ma to 4.9 Ma, which spans the MSC and the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. This dataset so far represents the only continuous continental paleoenvironmental record of the MSC in the circum-Mediterranean realm. The Kangal Basin isotope record indicates a low degree of evaporation. Furthermore, covariance between δ13C and δ18O suggests a coupling between lake water balance and biologic productivity. Variations in δ13C and δ18O therefore likely reflect changes in the amount of incoming precipitation, rather than changes in δ18O values of incoming precipitation. The most prominent spike in δ13C and δ18O occurs during the acme of the MSC and is therefore interpreted to have resulted from a decrease in the amount of incoming moisture correlative to a period of vigorous erosion and sea level lowering in the Mediterranean Basin. Major sea level lowering of Mediterranean basin waters during the acme of the MSC could have therefore led to slightly dryer conditions over Anatolia, which is also suggested by modeling studies. Overall, changes in δ13C and δ18O values are small. Therefore, we surmise that the MSC had limited effects on the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic conditions in the Anatolian interior.

KW - Central Anatolian Plateau

KW - Continental sedimentation

KW - Magnetostratigraphy

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Climate stability in central Anatolia during the Messinian Salinity Crisis

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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