Abstract
Ecological processes, such as migration and phenology, are strongly influenced by climate variability. Studying these processes often relies on associating observations of animals and plants with climate indices, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). A common characteristic of climate indices is the simultaneous emergence of opposite extremes of temperature and precipitation across continental scales, known as climate dipoles. The role of climate dipoles in shaping ecological and evolutionary processes has been largely overlooked. We review emerging evidence that climate dipoles can entrain species dynamics and offer a framework for identifying ecological dipoles using broad-scale biological data. Given future changes in climatic and atmospheric processes, climate and ecological dipoles are likely to shift in their intensity, distribution, and timing.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 440-453 |
Number of pages | 14 |
Journal | Trends in Ecology and Evolution |
Volume | 35 |
Issue number | 5 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - May 2020 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This work was supported by National Science Foundation Macrosystems Biology and NEON-Enabled Science projects 1926428 , 1926341 , and 1926221 and DEB EAGER project 1745496 . We are grateful to Hamish Steptoe and Jeremy Cohen for their assistance with figure development. We thank J. Pauli, M. Turner, V. Radeloff, and S. Jackson for their excellent input and review of earlier versions of the manuscript. We are also grateful for the comments and suggestions from two anonymous reviewers.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords
- climate change
- climate variability
- macroecology
- macrosystems ecology
- population dynamics
- spatial synchrony
PubMed: MeSH publication types
- Journal Article
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Review