Circadian disruption and metabolic disease risk

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingChapter

Abstract

Time-restricted feeding affects circadian rhythms, and circadian disruption is associated with metabolic disorders. While core circadian rhythms are synchronized primarily by light, the feeding schedule can synchronize peripheral organs, notably those related to metabolism. This review examines the interacting synchronizing effects of the lighting regimen and the feeding schedule, which can reinforce the circadian system or act at cross-purposes when food is consumed during the active or resting daily span, respectively. Internal desynchronization leads to circadian disruption, associated with dampened circadian rhythms in variables such as temperature and liver glycogen. Circadian disruption increases the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and high blood pressure. Conversely, altered circadian characteristics observed in the presence of type 2 diabetes and obesity suggest a bidirectional relationship between circadian rhythms and metabolism. While a heightened disease risk and overt disease tend to be associated with weakened circadian rhythms, reflected by a reduced amplitude and/or phase desynchronization, interventions such as time-restricted feeding are usually associated with robust and stable large-amplitude circadian variation. Time-restricted feeding in animal models can prevent and even reverse aspects of metabolic diseases. In humans, evidence is emerging indicating that time-restricted eating may reduce the risk of metabolic diseases and improve cardiometabolic health.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Title of host publicationFunctional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Metabolic and Non-communicable Diseases
PublisherElsevier
Pages509-516
Number of pages8
ISBN (Electronic)9780128198155
ISBN (Print)9780128231753
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 1 2021

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Keywords

  • Caloric restriction
  • circadian
  • clock genes
  • diabetes
  • metabolism
  • nutrient-sensing pathways
  • obesity
  • time-restricted feeding

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