Abstract
Purpose: The structural change of the dairy industry has been a long-term process with fewer, larger dairy herds in all regions. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate whether this structural change is leading to less income and wealth equality across dairy farms and how these factors differ across the USA. Design/methodology/approach: Income and wealth inequality of US dairy farms was estimated by Gini coefficients using data from the 2000 and 2010 ARMS dairy costs and returns data. A population-level quantile regression was estimated at decile increments to determine the factors that affect net farm income (NFI) and net worth (NETW) and if they changed across the time periods. Findings: Adjusted-Gini coefficients were estimated and indicated that income inequality was greater than wealth inequality across US dairy farms. Results of the quantile regressions confirm regional differences exist with dairy farms in Mountain regions consistently having lower NFI and NETW relative to farms in the Lake States region when factors such as herd size were equal. Life cycle effects were not observed for NFI, but present within NETW estimates across the ten years. Originality/value: This analysis estimates industry-specific-adjusted Gini coefficients to determine if income and wealth inequality exist.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 64-77 |
| Number of pages | 14 |
| Journal | Agricultural Finance Review |
| Volume | 77 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 1 2017 |
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Keywords
- Dairy
- Gini coefficient
- Income inequality
- Quantile regression
- Wealth distribution
Cite this
Characterizing US dairy farm income and wealth distributions. / Hadrich, Joleen C.; Wolf, Christopher A.; Johnson, Kamina K.
In: Agricultural Finance Review, Vol. 77, No. 1, 01.01.2017, p. 64-77.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Characterizing US dairy farm income and wealth distributions
AU - Hadrich, Joleen C.
AU - Wolf, Christopher A.
AU - Johnson, Kamina K.
PY - 2017/1/1
Y1 - 2017/1/1
N2 - Purpose: The structural change of the dairy industry has been a long-term process with fewer, larger dairy herds in all regions. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate whether this structural change is leading to less income and wealth equality across dairy farms and how these factors differ across the USA. Design/methodology/approach: Income and wealth inequality of US dairy farms was estimated by Gini coefficients using data from the 2000 and 2010 ARMS dairy costs and returns data. A population-level quantile regression was estimated at decile increments to determine the factors that affect net farm income (NFI) and net worth (NETW) and if they changed across the time periods. Findings: Adjusted-Gini coefficients were estimated and indicated that income inequality was greater than wealth inequality across US dairy farms. Results of the quantile regressions confirm regional differences exist with dairy farms in Mountain regions consistently having lower NFI and NETW relative to farms in the Lake States region when factors such as herd size were equal. Life cycle effects were not observed for NFI, but present within NETW estimates across the ten years. Originality/value: This analysis estimates industry-specific-adjusted Gini coefficients to determine if income and wealth inequality exist.
AB - Purpose: The structural change of the dairy industry has been a long-term process with fewer, larger dairy herds in all regions. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate whether this structural change is leading to less income and wealth equality across dairy farms and how these factors differ across the USA. Design/methodology/approach: Income and wealth inequality of US dairy farms was estimated by Gini coefficients using data from the 2000 and 2010 ARMS dairy costs and returns data. A population-level quantile regression was estimated at decile increments to determine the factors that affect net farm income (NFI) and net worth (NETW) and if they changed across the time periods. Findings: Adjusted-Gini coefficients were estimated and indicated that income inequality was greater than wealth inequality across US dairy farms. Results of the quantile regressions confirm regional differences exist with dairy farms in Mountain regions consistently having lower NFI and NETW relative to farms in the Lake States region when factors such as herd size were equal. Life cycle effects were not observed for NFI, but present within NETW estimates across the ten years. Originality/value: This analysis estimates industry-specific-adjusted Gini coefficients to determine if income and wealth inequality exist.
KW - Dairy
KW - Gini coefficient
KW - Income inequality
KW - Quantile regression
KW - Wealth distribution
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85018691706&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1108/AFR-04-2016-0040
DO - 10.1108/AFR-04-2016-0040
M3 - Article
VL - 77
SP - 64
EP - 77
JO - Agricultural Finance Review
JF - Agricultural Finance Review
SN - 0002-1466
IS - 1
ER -