Abstract
The convalescent subclinical carrier state of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection has been thoroughly investigated; contrastingly, the subclinical form of new infections of vaccinated and naïve hosts is recognized, but poorly understood. To investigate the natural dynamics of subclinical FMDV infections, a prospective, 12-month, longitudinal study was conducted in vaccinated Asian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) under natural conditions in Pakistan, where FMDV is hyperendemic. Oropharyngeal fluid (OPF) samples were obtained quarterly from 300 buffalo on 30 farms which reported no clinical FMD during the 12-month study period. At the start of the study, 77.7% of buffalo had FMDV anti-NSP antibodies, and all farms had at least one seropositive buffalo. Based upon the presence of viral RNA and viral VP1 sequences obtained, distinct subcategories of subclinical infections were documented, including new, persistent, and serial infections with different FMDV strains. Viral RNA was detected in at least one OPF sample from 180 (60%) of the 300 buffalo. Over the course of the study, FMDV was detected in OPF of 80 buffalo that had been FMDV-free in previous OPF samples, indicating the occurrence of new subclinical infections. Eight buffalo were confirmed to be persistently infected, and serial infection with different FMDVs was confirmed in 13 animals. The most prevalent serotype detected was Asia-1, followed by A, and O. Phylogenetic analysis indicated multiple distinct clusters of serotypes Asia-1 and A. This study indicates a high prevalence of subclinical FMDV infection in vaccinated buffalo in Pakistan and emphasizes the importance of clinically undetected infection in FMD dynamics in endemic regions.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 1836-1850 |
Number of pages | 15 |
Journal | Transboundary and Emerging Diseases |
Volume | 65 |
Issue number | 6 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Dec 2018 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This research was funded in part by USDA-ARS CRIS 8064-32000-061-00D and USDA ARS-Pakistan Foot and Mouth Disease project 58-1940-7-161-F. Drs. Ahmed, Bertram, and Brito were recipients of a Plum Island Animal Disease Center Research Participation Program fellowship administered by Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). All opinions expressed in this paper are the authors? and do not reflect the policies and views of the USDA, DOE, or ORAU/ORISE.
Funding Information:
This research was funded in part by USDA‐ARS CRIS 8064‐32000‐ 061‐00D and USDA ARS‐Pakistan Foot and Mouth Disease project 58‐1940‐7‐161‐F. Drs. Ahmed, Bertram, and Brito were recipients of a Plum Island Animal Disease Center Research Participation Program fellowship administered by Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). All opinions expressed in this paper are the authors’ and do not reflect the policies and views of the USDA, DOE, or ORAU/ORISE.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Blackwell Verlag GmbH
Keywords
- FMD
- Pakistan
- buffalo
- carrier
- epidemiology
- pathogenesis
- persistent
- virus