Characterization of adductomic totality of NNK, (R)-NNAL and (S)-NNAL in A/J mice, and their correlations with distinct lung carcinogenicity

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. While tobacco use is the main cause, only 10-20% of smokers eventually develop clinical lung cancer. Thus, the ability of lung cancer risk prediction among smokers could transform lung cancer management with early preventive interventions. Given that DNA damage by tobacco carcinogens is the potential root cause of lung carcinogenesis, we characterized the adductomic totality of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (a potent lung carcinogen in tobacco, commonly known as NNK) in the target lung tissues, the liver tissues and the peripheral serum samples in a single-dose NNK-induced lung carcinogenesis A/J mouse model. We also characterized these adductomic totalities from the two enantiomers of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL, the major in vivo metabolite of NNK) given their distinct carcinogenicity in A/J mice. With these adductomic data, we demonstrated that tissue protein adductomics have the highest abundance. We also identified that the adductomic levels at the 8 h time point after carcinogen exposure were among the highest. More importantly, the relationships among these adductomics were characterized with overall strong positive linear correlations, demonstrating the potential of using peripheral serum protein adductomics to reflect DNA adductomics in the target lung tissues. Lastly, we explored the relationships of these adductomics with lung tumor status in A/J mice, providing preliminary but promising evidence of the feasibility of lung cancer risk prediction using peripheral adductomic profiling.