Cesarean Section

Cesarean sections are performed most commonly to relieve dystocia in the bitch or queen. Determination of when to perform a cesarean and adequate preparation and management of the patient is vital to a successful outcome for the neonates and dam, whether the procedure is elective or an emergency. The foam stability test has been advocated to determine if fetal lung development is sufficient for birth. Ultrasound can be used to predict the date of parturition. Determination of serum ionized calcium levels is warranted if secondary uterine inertia is suspected and radiography or ultrasound has ruled out a large fetus and fetal malposition. Vitality of the neonate can be sustained and a successful outcome achieved with cesarean section if surgery is timed correctly and appropriate perioperative and surgical procedures are performed.