Cesarean birth and maternal morbidity among Black women and White women after implementation of a blended payment policy

Jonathan M. Snowden; Sarah S. Osmundson; Menolly Kaufman; Cori Blauer Peterson; Katy Backes Kozhimannil

doi:10.1111/1475-6773.13319

Cesarean birth and maternal morbidity among Black women and White women after implementation of a blended payment policy

Jonathan M. Snowden, Sarah S. Osmundson, Menolly Kaufman, Cori Blauer Peterson, Katy Backes Kozhimannil

Health Policy and Management

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

9 Scopus citations

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To test whether Minnesota's blended payment policy had differential effects on cesarean use and maternal morbidity among black women and white women in Minnesota, as compared to six control states.

DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: Claims data from births to Medicaid fee-for-service beneficiaries, 2006-2012, in Minnesota (policy state) and six control states (Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana).

STUDY DESIGN: The key study intervention was Minnesota's blended payment policy, which established one single payment rate for uncomplicated vaginal and cesarean births in 2009. The primary outcome was cesarean birth, and secondary outcomes were maternal morbidity (composite), postpartum hemorrhage, and chorioamnionitis. Policy effects were assessed using race-stratified comparative interrupted time series analysis.

PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Following policy implementation, cesarean use decreased among both black and white women in Minnesota compared to control states; this decline was larger among black women (-2.88 percent 3-year cumulative decline, from a prepolicy cesarean rate of 22.2 percent) than among white women (-1.32 percent, P = .0013). Postpartum hemorrhage increased, with larger increases among black women (1.20 percent 3-year cumulative increase), compared with white women (0.48 percent, P < .001) in Minnesota compared with control states.

CONCLUSIONS: Policy-related declines in cesarean use after Minnesota's blended payment policy were larger in black women. Increases in postpartum hemorrhage signal potential unintended consequences of policy-related cesarean reduction.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	729-740
Number of pages	12
Journal	Health services research
Volume	55
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13319
State	Published - Oct 1 2020

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
: This research was completed with support from the Medicaid and CHIP Payment and Access Commission (MACPAC) under contract MACP17417T1, and from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (grant R00 HD079658‐03 to JMS). Data access for this analysis was supported by the Health Equity Research Data Access Program through the Office of Minority Health at the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. The findings, statements, and views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of any funding agency. Joint Acknowledgment/Disclosure Statement

Publisher Copyright:
© Health Research and Educational Trust

Keywords

cesarean birth
health policy
maternal outcomes

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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title = "Cesarean birth and maternal morbidity among Black women and White women after implementation of a blended payment policy",

abstract = "OBJECTIVE: To test whether Minnesota's blended payment policy had differential effects on cesarean use and maternal morbidity among black women and white women in Minnesota, as compared to six control states.DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: Claims data from births to Medicaid fee-for-service beneficiaries, 2006-2012, in Minnesota (policy state) and six control states (Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana).STUDY DESIGN: The key study intervention was Minnesota's blended payment policy, which established one single payment rate for uncomplicated vaginal and cesarean births in 2009. The primary outcome was cesarean birth, and secondary outcomes were maternal morbidity (composite), postpartum hemorrhage, and chorioamnionitis. Policy effects were assessed using race-stratified comparative interrupted time series analysis.PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Following policy implementation, cesarean use decreased among both black and white women in Minnesota compared to control states; this decline was larger among black women (-2.88 percent 3-year cumulative decline, from a prepolicy cesarean rate of 22.2 percent) than among white women (-1.32 percent, P = .0013). Postpartum hemorrhage increased, with larger increases among black women (1.20 percent 3-year cumulative increase), compared with white women (0.48 percent, P < .001) in Minnesota compared with control states.CONCLUSIONS: Policy-related declines in cesarean use after Minnesota's blended payment policy were larger in black women. Increases in postpartum hemorrhage signal potential unintended consequences of policy-related cesarean reduction.",

keywords = "cesarean birth, health policy, maternal outcomes",

author = "Snowden, {Jonathan M.} and Osmundson, {Sarah S.} and Menolly Kaufman and {Blauer Peterson}, Cori and Kozhimannil, {Katy Backes}",

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AU - Blauer Peterson, Cori

AU - Kozhimannil, Katy Backes

N1 - Funding Information: : This research was completed with support from the Medicaid and CHIP Payment and Access Commission (MACPAC) under contract MACP17417T1, and from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (grant R00 HD079658‐03 to JMS). Data access for this analysis was supported by the Health Equity Research Data Access Program through the Office of Minority Health at the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. The findings, statements, and views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of any funding agency. Joint Acknowledgment/Disclosure Statement Publisher Copyright: © Health Research and Educational Trust

PY - 2020/10/1

Y1 - 2020/10/1

N2 - OBJECTIVE: To test whether Minnesota's blended payment policy had differential effects on cesarean use and maternal morbidity among black women and white women in Minnesota, as compared to six control states.DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: Claims data from births to Medicaid fee-for-service beneficiaries, 2006-2012, in Minnesota (policy state) and six control states (Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana).STUDY DESIGN: The key study intervention was Minnesota's blended payment policy, which established one single payment rate for uncomplicated vaginal and cesarean births in 2009. The primary outcome was cesarean birth, and secondary outcomes were maternal morbidity (composite), postpartum hemorrhage, and chorioamnionitis. Policy effects were assessed using race-stratified comparative interrupted time series analysis.PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Following policy implementation, cesarean use decreased among both black and white women in Minnesota compared to control states; this decline was larger among black women (-2.88 percent 3-year cumulative decline, from a prepolicy cesarean rate of 22.2 percent) than among white women (-1.32 percent, P = .0013). Postpartum hemorrhage increased, with larger increases among black women (1.20 percent 3-year cumulative increase), compared with white women (0.48 percent, P < .001) in Minnesota compared with control states.CONCLUSIONS: Policy-related declines in cesarean use after Minnesota's blended payment policy were larger in black women. Increases in postpartum hemorrhage signal potential unintended consequences of policy-related cesarean reduction.

AB - OBJECTIVE: To test whether Minnesota's blended payment policy had differential effects on cesarean use and maternal morbidity among black women and white women in Minnesota, as compared to six control states.DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: Claims data from births to Medicaid fee-for-service beneficiaries, 2006-2012, in Minnesota (policy state) and six control states (Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana).STUDY DESIGN: The key study intervention was Minnesota's blended payment policy, which established one single payment rate for uncomplicated vaginal and cesarean births in 2009. The primary outcome was cesarean birth, and secondary outcomes were maternal morbidity (composite), postpartum hemorrhage, and chorioamnionitis. Policy effects were assessed using race-stratified comparative interrupted time series analysis.PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Following policy implementation, cesarean use decreased among both black and white women in Minnesota compared to control states; this decline was larger among black women (-2.88 percent 3-year cumulative decline, from a prepolicy cesarean rate of 22.2 percent) than among white women (-1.32 percent, P = .0013). Postpartum hemorrhage increased, with larger increases among black women (1.20 percent 3-year cumulative increase), compared with white women (0.48 percent, P < .001) in Minnesota compared with control states.CONCLUSIONS: Policy-related declines in cesarean use after Minnesota's blended payment policy were larger in black women. Increases in postpartum hemorrhage signal potential unintended consequences of policy-related cesarean reduction.

KW - cesarean birth

KW - health policy

KW - maternal outcomes

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Cesarean birth and maternal morbidity among Black women and White women after implementation of a blended payment policy

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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