Cell Culture Bioprocess Technology: Biologics and Beyond

Scientists have been growing vertebrate cells in culture for over a century. Initially, this cell culture involved placing tissues isolated from animals in a nutrient solution for observation. Eventually, some cells grew out from the tissue explant and began to form cell layers. Over the years, scientists developed a better understanding of the nutritional requirements of cells, established methods to isolate them from tissues and to propagate them, and acquired the ability to use them as tools for conducting research to develop new knowledge on cells and organisms. Ultimately, we learned ways to use them to produce vaccines and medicines.