Cattle and environmental sample-level factors associated with the presence of Salmonella in a multi-state study of conventional and organic dairy farms

C. P. Fossler; S. J. Wells; J. B. Kaneene; P. L. Ruegg; L. D. Warnick; L. E. Eberly; S. M. Godden; L. W. Halbert; A. M. Campbell; C. A. Bolin; A. M.Geiger Zwald

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2004.10.005

Cattle and environmental sample-level factors associated with the presence of Salmonella in a multi-state study of conventional and organic dairy farms

C. P. Fossler, S. J. Wells, J. B. Kaneene, P. L. Ruegg, L. D. Warnick, L. E. Eberly, S. M. Godden, L. W. Halbert, A. M. Campbell, C. A. Bolin, A. M.Geiger Zwald

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72 Scopus citations

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between cattle-level factors and environmental samples with the isolation of Salmonella from dairy farms in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and New York. The study farms included 129 conventional and organic farms enrolled without regard to previous history of Salmonella infection. Herds were sampled at two-month intervals over a one-year period. Cattle groups more likely to be associated with Salmonella shedding (compared to preweaned calves) were cows designated as sick by farm personnel (OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.7, 3.7), cows within 14 days of calving (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.8), and cows due for culling within 14 days (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.0, 3.4). State of origin was also associated with the presence of Salmonella in samples from cattle and the farm environment; Midwestern states were more likely to have Salmonella-positive samples compared to New York. Cattle treated with antimicrobials within 14 days of sampling were more likely to be Salmonella-negative compared with nontreated cattle (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1, 3.4). Farms with at least 100 cows were more likely to have Salmonella-positive cattle compared with smaller farms (OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.4, 4.6). Season was associated with Salmonella shedding in cattle, and compared to the winter period, summer had the highest odds for shedding (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5, 3.7), followed by fall (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.1) and spring (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.6). Environmental samples significantly more likely to be Salmonella-positive (compared to bulk tank milk) included, in descending order, samples from sick pens (OR = 7.4, 95% CI: 3.4, 15.8), manure storage areas (OR = 6.4, 95% CI: 3.5, 11.7), maternity pens (OR = 4.2, 95% CI: 2.2, 8.1), haircoats of cows due to be culled (OR = 3.9, 95% CI: 2.2, 7.7), milk filters (OR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.8, 6.0), cow waterers (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.4, 5.7), calf pens (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.3, 5.3), and bird droppings from cow housing (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3, 4.4). Parity, stage of lactation, and calf age were not associated with Salmonella shedding.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	39-53
Number of pages	15
Journal	Preventive Veterinary Medicine
Volume	67
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2004.10.005
State	Published - Jan 2005

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Supported by USDA/CSREES National Research Initiative (Epidemiological Aspects of Food Safety) award number 99-35212-8563, The Population Medicine Center at Michigan State University, and the Center for Animal Health and Food Safety at the University of Minnesota. The authors thank Katie May and RoseAnn Miller of the Population Medicine Center at Michigan State University for their technical support.

Keywords

Animal-level risk factors
Dairy cattle
Farm environment
Organic
Salmonella

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.prevetmed.2004.10.005

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Fossler, C. P., Wells, S. J., Kaneene, J. B., Ruegg, P. L., Warnick, L. D., Eberly, L. E., Godden, S. M., Halbert, L. W., Campbell, A. M., Bolin, C. A., & Zwald, A. M. G. (2005). Cattle and environmental sample-level factors associated with the presence of Salmonella in a multi-state study of conventional and organic dairy farms. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 67(1), 39-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2004.10.005

Fossler, CP, Wells, SJ, Kaneene, JB, Ruegg, PL, Warnick, LD, Eberly, LE , Godden, SM, Halbert, LW, Campbell, AM, Bolin, CA & Zwald, AMG 2005, 'Cattle and environmental sample-level factors associated with the presence of Salmonella in a multi-state study of conventional and organic dairy farms', Preventive Veterinary Medicine, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 39-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2004.10.005

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title = "Cattle and environmental sample-level factors associated with the presence of Salmonella in a multi-state study of conventional and organic dairy farms",

abstract = "The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between cattle-level factors and environmental samples with the isolation of Salmonella from dairy farms in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and New York. The study farms included 129 conventional and organic farms enrolled without regard to previous history of Salmonella infection. Herds were sampled at two-month intervals over a one-year period. Cattle groups more likely to be associated with Salmonella shedding (compared to preweaned calves) were cows designated as sick by farm personnel (OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.7, 3.7), cows within 14 days of calving (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.8), and cows due for culling within 14 days (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.0, 3.4). State of origin was also associated with the presence of Salmonella in samples from cattle and the farm environment; Midwestern states were more likely to have Salmonella-positive samples compared to New York. Cattle treated with antimicrobials within 14 days of sampling were more likely to be Salmonella-negative compared with nontreated cattle (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1, 3.4). Farms with at least 100 cows were more likely to have Salmonella-positive cattle compared with smaller farms (OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.4, 4.6). Season was associated with Salmonella shedding in cattle, and compared to the winter period, summer had the highest odds for shedding (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5, 3.7), followed by fall (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.1) and spring (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.6). Environmental samples significantly more likely to be Salmonella-positive (compared to bulk tank milk) included, in descending order, samples from sick pens (OR = 7.4, 95% CI: 3.4, 15.8), manure storage areas (OR = 6.4, 95% CI: 3.5, 11.7), maternity pens (OR = 4.2, 95% CI: 2.2, 8.1), haircoats of cows due to be culled (OR = 3.9, 95% CI: 2.2, 7.7), milk filters (OR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.8, 6.0), cow waterers (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.4, 5.7), calf pens (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.3, 5.3), and bird droppings from cow housing (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3, 4.4). Parity, stage of lactation, and calf age were not associated with Salmonella shedding.",

keywords = "Animal-level risk factors, Dairy cattle, Farm environment, Organic, Salmonella",

author = "Fossler, {C. P.} and Wells, {S. J.} and Kaneene, {J. B.} and Ruegg, {P. L.} and Warnick, {L. D.} and Eberly, {L. E.} and Godden, {S. M.} and Halbert, {L. W.} and Campbell, {A. M.} and Bolin, {C. A.} and Zwald, {A. M.Geiger}",

note = "Funding Information: Supported by USDA/CSREES National Research Initiative (Epidemiological Aspects of Food Safety) award number 99-35212-8563, The Population Medicine Center at Michigan State University, and the Center for Animal Health and Food Safety at the University of Minnesota. The authors thank Katie May and RoseAnn Miller of the Population Medicine Center at Michigan State University for their technical support. ",

year = "2005",

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doi = "10.1016/j.prevetmed.2004.10.005",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "67",

pages = "39--53",

journal = "Preventive Veterinary Medicine",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Cattle and environmental sample-level factors associated with the presence of Salmonella in a multi-state study of conventional and organic dairy farms

AU - Fossler, C. P.

AU - Wells, S. J.

AU - Kaneene, J. B.

AU - Ruegg, P. L.

AU - Warnick, L. D.

AU - Eberly, L. E.

AU - Godden, S. M.

AU - Halbert, L. W.

AU - Campbell, A. M.

AU - Bolin, C. A.

AU - Zwald, A. M.Geiger

N1 - Funding Information: Supported by USDA/CSREES National Research Initiative (Epidemiological Aspects of Food Safety) award number 99-35212-8563, The Population Medicine Center at Michigan State University, and the Center for Animal Health and Food Safety at the University of Minnesota. The authors thank Katie May and RoseAnn Miller of the Population Medicine Center at Michigan State University for their technical support.

PY - 2005/1

Y1 - 2005/1

N2 - The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between cattle-level factors and environmental samples with the isolation of Salmonella from dairy farms in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and New York. The study farms included 129 conventional and organic farms enrolled without regard to previous history of Salmonella infection. Herds were sampled at two-month intervals over a one-year period. Cattle groups more likely to be associated with Salmonella shedding (compared to preweaned calves) were cows designated as sick by farm personnel (OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.7, 3.7), cows within 14 days of calving (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.8), and cows due for culling within 14 days (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.0, 3.4). State of origin was also associated with the presence of Salmonella in samples from cattle and the farm environment; Midwestern states were more likely to have Salmonella-positive samples compared to New York. Cattle treated with antimicrobials within 14 days of sampling were more likely to be Salmonella-negative compared with nontreated cattle (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1, 3.4). Farms with at least 100 cows were more likely to have Salmonella-positive cattle compared with smaller farms (OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.4, 4.6). Season was associated with Salmonella shedding in cattle, and compared to the winter period, summer had the highest odds for shedding (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5, 3.7), followed by fall (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.1) and spring (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.6). Environmental samples significantly more likely to be Salmonella-positive (compared to bulk tank milk) included, in descending order, samples from sick pens (OR = 7.4, 95% CI: 3.4, 15.8), manure storage areas (OR = 6.4, 95% CI: 3.5, 11.7), maternity pens (OR = 4.2, 95% CI: 2.2, 8.1), haircoats of cows due to be culled (OR = 3.9, 95% CI: 2.2, 7.7), milk filters (OR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.8, 6.0), cow waterers (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.4, 5.7), calf pens (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.3, 5.3), and bird droppings from cow housing (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3, 4.4). Parity, stage of lactation, and calf age were not associated with Salmonella shedding.

AB - The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between cattle-level factors and environmental samples with the isolation of Salmonella from dairy farms in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and New York. The study farms included 129 conventional and organic farms enrolled without regard to previous history of Salmonella infection. Herds were sampled at two-month intervals over a one-year period. Cattle groups more likely to be associated with Salmonella shedding (compared to preweaned calves) were cows designated as sick by farm personnel (OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.7, 3.7), cows within 14 days of calving (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.8), and cows due for culling within 14 days (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.0, 3.4). State of origin was also associated with the presence of Salmonella in samples from cattle and the farm environment; Midwestern states were more likely to have Salmonella-positive samples compared to New York. Cattle treated with antimicrobials within 14 days of sampling were more likely to be Salmonella-negative compared with nontreated cattle (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1, 3.4). Farms with at least 100 cows were more likely to have Salmonella-positive cattle compared with smaller farms (OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.4, 4.6). Season was associated with Salmonella shedding in cattle, and compared to the winter period, summer had the highest odds for shedding (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5, 3.7), followed by fall (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.1) and spring (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.6). Environmental samples significantly more likely to be Salmonella-positive (compared to bulk tank milk) included, in descending order, samples from sick pens (OR = 7.4, 95% CI: 3.4, 15.8), manure storage areas (OR = 6.4, 95% CI: 3.5, 11.7), maternity pens (OR = 4.2, 95% CI: 2.2, 8.1), haircoats of cows due to be culled (OR = 3.9, 95% CI: 2.2, 7.7), milk filters (OR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.8, 6.0), cow waterers (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.4, 5.7), calf pens (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.3, 5.3), and bird droppings from cow housing (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3, 4.4). Parity, stage of lactation, and calf age were not associated with Salmonella shedding.

KW - Animal-level risk factors

KW - Dairy cattle

KW - Farm environment

KW - Organic

KW - Salmonella

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Cattle and environmental sample-level factors associated with the presence of Salmonella in a multi-state study of conventional and organic dairy farms

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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