Abstract
Herein we report on the catalytic activity of Ti-based MXenes (Ti3CNTz and Ti3C2Tz) for biomass transformation. MXenes were found to be active catalysts for the hydrogenation of furfural using either gaseous hydrogen or 2-propanol as solvent and hydrogen source. Both catalysts showed good activity in the conversion of furfural to furfuryl alcohol, with furfuryl ether as the main by-product. Stability tests indicated that Ti3CNTz is more stable than Ti3C2Tz against deactivation. Ab initio calculations were used to examine the hydrogenation and etherification reactions pathways and their corresponding reaction energetics on the Ti3CNTz MXene. The results indicate that the hydrogenation of the carbonyl bond efficiently proceeds via the heterolytic activation of hydrogen over the metal-oxygen site pair followed by the addition of the proton and hydride to the C and O atoms of the carbonyl. The subsequent hydrogenation of the unsaturated furan ring via metal bound hydrogen, however, is calculated to be much more difficult. Protons bound to the oxygen of the MXene are acidic and can also catalyze the etherification of the resulting alcohols. The bifunctional acid-metal site pairs also selectively catalyze the hydrogenolysis of the furfuryl alcohol to form 2-methyl furan.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 5733-5742 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| Journal | ChemCatChem |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue number | 22 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Nov 19 2020 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:MN was partially supported as a Wigner Fellow by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT‐Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy. The catalysis testing studies was supported by the Università degli Studi di Milano. XPS studies were supported by the US Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering. All authors contributed to analysis of results and preparation of the manuscript. Dr Jagjit Nanda is acknowledged for the fruitful discussion.
Funding Information:
MN was partially supported as a Wigner Fellow by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy. The catalysis testing studies was supported by the Universit? degli Studi di Milano. XPS studies were supported by the US Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering. All authors contributed to analysis of results and preparation of the manuscript. Dr Jagjit Nanda is acknowledged for the fruitful discussion.
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