Carotid β-stiffness index is associated with slower processing speed but not working memory or white matter integrity in healthy middle-aged/older adults

Lyndsey E. Dubose; Michelle W. Voss; Timothy B. Weng; James D. Kent; Kaitlyn M. Dubishar; Abbi Lane-Cordova; Gardar Sigurdsson; Phillip Schmid; Patrick B. Barlow; Gary L. Pierce

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00769.2016

Carotid β-stiffness index is associated with slower processing speed but not working memory or white matter integrity in healthy middle-aged/older adults

Lyndsey E. Dubose, Michelle W. Voss, Timothy B. Weng, James D. Kent, Kaitlyn M. Dubishar, Abbi Lane-Cordova, Gardar Sigurdsson, Phillip Schmid, Patrick B. Barlow, Gary L. Pierce

Medicine - Cardiology Division

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

21 Scopus citations

Abstract

Aging is associated with increased carotid artery stiffness, a predictor of incident stroke, and reduced cognitive performance and brain white matter integrity (WMI) in humans. Therefore, we hypothesized that higher carotid stiffness/lower compliance would be independently associated with slower processing speed, higher working memory cost, and lower WMI in healthy middle-aged/older (MA/O) adults. Carotid (3-stiffness (P < 0.001) was greater and compliance (P < 0.001) was lower in MA/O (n = 32; 64.4 ± 4.3 yr) vs. young (n = 19; 23.8 ± 2.9 yr) adults. MA/O adults demonstrated slower processing speed (27.4 ± 4.6 vs. 35.4 ± 5.0 U/60 s, P < 0.001) and higher working memory cost (- 15.4 ± 0.14 vs. -2.2 ± 0.05%, P < 0.001) vs. young adults. Global WMI was lower in MA/O adults (P < 0.001) and regionally in the frontal lobe (P = 0.020) and genu (P = 0.009). In the entire cohort, multiple regression analysis that included education, sex, and body mass index, carotid (3-stiffness index (B = -0.53 ± 0.15 U, P = 0.001) and age group (B = -4.61 ± 1.7, P = 0.012, adjusted R² = 0.4) predicted processing speed but not working memory cost or WMI. Among MA/O adults, higher (3-stiffness (B = -0.60 ± 0.18, P = 0.002) and lower compliance (B = 0.93 ± 0.26, P = 0.002) were associated with slower processing speed but not working memory cost or WMI. These data suggest that greater carotid artery stiffness is independently and selectively associated with slower processing speed but not working memory among MA/O adults. Carotid artery stiffening may modulate reductions in processing speed earlier than working memory with healthy aging in humans.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	868-876
Number of pages	9
Journal	Journal of applied physiology
Volume	122
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00769.2016
State	Published - 2017

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grants 5KL2-RR-24980–5 and 1R21-AG-043722 (to G. L. Pierce), the Biological Sciences Funding Program pilot grant-University of Iowa Office of Vice President for Research (to M. W. Voss), NIH 1R21AG048170 (to MWV), and NIH Grant U54-TR-001356 (to the University of Iowa).

Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2017 the American Physiological Society.

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10.1152/japplphysiol.00769.2016

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5407200

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Dubose, L. E., Voss, M. W., Weng, T. B., Kent, J. D., Dubishar, K. M., Lane-Cordova, A., Sigurdsson, G., Schmid, P., Barlow, P. B., & Pierce, G. L. (2017). Carotid β-stiffness index is associated with slower processing speed but not working memory or white matter integrity in healthy middle-aged/older adults. Journal of applied physiology, 122(4), 868-876. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00769.2016

Dubose, LE, Voss, MW, Weng, TB, Kent, JD, Dubishar, KM, Lane-Cordova, A, Sigurdsson, G, Schmid, P, Barlow, PB & Pierce, GL 2017, 'Carotid β-stiffness index is associated with slower processing speed but not working memory or white matter integrity in healthy middle-aged/older adults', Journal of applied physiology, vol. 122, no. 4, pp. 868-876. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00769.2016

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title = "Carotid β-stiffness index is associated with slower processing speed but not working memory or white matter integrity in healthy middle-aged/older adults",

abstract = "Aging is associated with increased carotid artery stiffness, a predictor of incident stroke, and reduced cognitive performance and brain white matter integrity (WMI) in humans. Therefore, we hypothesized that higher carotid stiffness/lower compliance would be independently associated with slower processing speed, higher working memory cost, and lower WMI in healthy middle-aged/older (MA/O) adults. Carotid (3-stiffness (P < 0.001) was greater and compliance (P < 0.001) was lower in MA/O (n = 32; 64.4 ± 4.3 yr) vs. young (n = 19; 23.8 ± 2.9 yr) adults. MA/O adults demonstrated slower processing speed (27.4 ± 4.6 vs. 35.4 ± 5.0 U/60 s, P < 0.001) and higher working memory cost (- 15.4 ± 0.14 vs. -2.2 ± 0.05%, P < 0.001) vs. young adults. Global WMI was lower in MA/O adults (P < 0.001) and regionally in the frontal lobe (P = 0.020) and genu (P = 0.009). In the entire cohort, multiple regression analysis that included education, sex, and body mass index, carotid (3-stiffness index (B = -0.53 ± 0.15 U, P = 0.001) and age group (B = -4.61 ± 1.7, P = 0.012, adjusted R2 = 0.4) predicted processing speed but not working memory cost or WMI. Among MA/O adults, higher (3-stiffness (B = -0.60 ± 0.18, P = 0.002) and lower compliance (B = 0.93 ± 0.26, P = 0.002) were associated with slower processing speed but not working memory cost or WMI. These data suggest that greater carotid artery stiffness is independently and selectively associated with slower processing speed but not working memory among MA/O adults. Carotid artery stiffening may modulate reductions in processing speed earlier than working memory with healthy aging in humans.",

author = "Dubose, {Lyndsey E.} and Voss, {Michelle W.} and Weng, {Timothy B.} and Kent, {James D.} and Dubishar, {Kaitlyn M.} and Abbi Lane-Cordova and Gardar Sigurdsson and Phillip Schmid and Barlow, {Patrick B.} and Pierce, {Gary L.}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grants 5KL2-RR-24980–5 and 1R21-AG-043722 (to G. L. Pierce), the Biological Sciences Funding Program pilot grant-University of Iowa Office of Vice President for Research (to M. W. Voss), NIH 1R21AG048170 (to MWV), and NIH Grant U54-TR-001356 (to the University of Iowa). Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2017 the American Physiological Society.",

year = "2017",

doi = "10.1152/japplphysiol.00769.2016",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "122",

pages = "868--876",

journal = "Journal of Applied Physiology",

issn = "8750-7587",

publisher = "American Physiological Society",

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T1 - Carotid β-stiffness index is associated with slower processing speed but not working memory or white matter integrity in healthy middle-aged/older adults

AU - Dubose, Lyndsey E.

AU - Voss, Michelle W.

AU - Weng, Timothy B.

AU - Kent, James D.

AU - Dubishar, Kaitlyn M.

AU - Lane-Cordova, Abbi

AU - Sigurdsson, Gardar

AU - Schmid, Phillip

AU - Barlow, Patrick B.

AU - Pierce, Gary L.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grants 5KL2-RR-24980–5 and 1R21-AG-043722 (to G. L. Pierce), the Biological Sciences Funding Program pilot grant-University of Iowa Office of Vice President for Research (to M. W. Voss), NIH 1R21AG048170 (to MWV), and NIH Grant U54-TR-001356 (to the University of Iowa). Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2017 the American Physiological Society.

PY - 2017

Y1 - 2017

N2 - Aging is associated with increased carotid artery stiffness, a predictor of incident stroke, and reduced cognitive performance and brain white matter integrity (WMI) in humans. Therefore, we hypothesized that higher carotid stiffness/lower compliance would be independently associated with slower processing speed, higher working memory cost, and lower WMI in healthy middle-aged/older (MA/O) adults. Carotid (3-stiffness (P < 0.001) was greater and compliance (P < 0.001) was lower in MA/O (n = 32; 64.4 ± 4.3 yr) vs. young (n = 19; 23.8 ± 2.9 yr) adults. MA/O adults demonstrated slower processing speed (27.4 ± 4.6 vs. 35.4 ± 5.0 U/60 s, P < 0.001) and higher working memory cost (- 15.4 ± 0.14 vs. -2.2 ± 0.05%, P < 0.001) vs. young adults. Global WMI was lower in MA/O adults (P < 0.001) and regionally in the frontal lobe (P = 0.020) and genu (P = 0.009). In the entire cohort, multiple regression analysis that included education, sex, and body mass index, carotid (3-stiffness index (B = -0.53 ± 0.15 U, P = 0.001) and age group (B = -4.61 ± 1.7, P = 0.012, adjusted R2 = 0.4) predicted processing speed but not working memory cost or WMI. Among MA/O adults, higher (3-stiffness (B = -0.60 ± 0.18, P = 0.002) and lower compliance (B = 0.93 ± 0.26, P = 0.002) were associated with slower processing speed but not working memory cost or WMI. These data suggest that greater carotid artery stiffness is independently and selectively associated with slower processing speed but not working memory among MA/O adults. Carotid artery stiffening may modulate reductions in processing speed earlier than working memory with healthy aging in humans.

AB - Aging is associated with increased carotid artery stiffness, a predictor of incident stroke, and reduced cognitive performance and brain white matter integrity (WMI) in humans. Therefore, we hypothesized that higher carotid stiffness/lower compliance would be independently associated with slower processing speed, higher working memory cost, and lower WMI in healthy middle-aged/older (MA/O) adults. Carotid (3-stiffness (P < 0.001) was greater and compliance (P < 0.001) was lower in MA/O (n = 32; 64.4 ± 4.3 yr) vs. young (n = 19; 23.8 ± 2.9 yr) adults. MA/O adults demonstrated slower processing speed (27.4 ± 4.6 vs. 35.4 ± 5.0 U/60 s, P < 0.001) and higher working memory cost (- 15.4 ± 0.14 vs. -2.2 ± 0.05%, P < 0.001) vs. young adults. Global WMI was lower in MA/O adults (P < 0.001) and regionally in the frontal lobe (P = 0.020) and genu (P = 0.009). In the entire cohort, multiple regression analysis that included education, sex, and body mass index, carotid (3-stiffness index (B = -0.53 ± 0.15 U, P = 0.001) and age group (B = -4.61 ± 1.7, P = 0.012, adjusted R2 = 0.4) predicted processing speed but not working memory cost or WMI. Among MA/O adults, higher (3-stiffness (B = -0.60 ± 0.18, P = 0.002) and lower compliance (B = 0.93 ± 0.26, P = 0.002) were associated with slower processing speed but not working memory cost or WMI. These data suggest that greater carotid artery stiffness is independently and selectively associated with slower processing speed but not working memory among MA/O adults. Carotid artery stiffening may modulate reductions in processing speed earlier than working memory with healthy aging in humans.

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Carotid β-stiffness index is associated with slower processing speed but not working memory or white matter integrity in healthy middle-aged/older adults

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