Carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and incident type 2 diabetes in older women

Katie A. Meyer, Lawrence H. Kushi, David R. Jacobs, Joanne Slavin, Thomas A. Sellers, Aaron R. Folsom

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

1059 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Dietary carbohydrates may influence the development of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes, for example, through effects on blood glucose and insulin concentrations. Objective: We examined the relations of baseline intake of carbohydrates, dietary fiber, dietary magnesium, and carbohydrate-rich foods and the glycemic index with incidence of diabetes. Design: This was a prospective cohort study of 35988 older Iowa women initially free of diabetes. During 6 y of follow-up, 1141 incident cases of diabetes were reported. Results: Total grain, whole-grain, total dietary fiber, cereal fiber, and dietary magnesium intakes showed strong inverse associations with incidence of diabetes after adjustment for potential nondietary confounding variables. Multivariate-adjusted relative risks of diabetes were 1.0, 0.99, 0.98, 0.92, and 0.79 (P for trend: 0.0089) across quintiles of whole-grain intake; 1.0, 1.09, 1.00, 0.94, and 0.78 (P for trend: 0.005) across quintiles of total dietary fiber intake; and 1.0, 0.81, 0.82, 0.81, and 0.67 (P for trend: 0.0003) across quintiles of dietary magnesium intake. Intakes of total carbohydrates, refined grains, fruit and vegetables, and soluble fiber and the glycemic index were unrelated to diabetes risk. Conclusion: These data support a protective role for grains (particularly whole grains), cereal fiber, and dietary magnesium in the development of diabetes in older women.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)921-930
Number of pages10
JournalAmerican Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Volume71
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 2000

Keywords

  • Carbohydrates
  • Diet
  • Dietary fiber
  • Glycemic index
  • Grains
  • Iowa Women's Health Study
  • Magnesium
  • Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
  • Nutrition
  • Prospective studies
  • Sugar
  • Type 2 diabetes
  • Women

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