Cancer Incidence in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)—The Onco-SOL Ancillary Study

Background: Few studies have examined how cancer incidence varies by the country of origin among US Hispanic/Latino adults. In this study, we describe the incidence rates (IR) of cancer overall and for screen-detectable, tobacco-related, and obesity-related cancers among 16,415 participants in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, an ongoing population-based cohort study of Hispanic/Latino adults from diverse backgrounds. Methods: Cohort participant records were linked to the state cancer registries in New York, Florida, California, and Illinois to ascertain cancer incidence from baseline (2008–2011) through 2021. We estimated weighted age-adjusted IRs and age- and sex-adjusted HRs. Results: Over a mean follow-up of 10.7 (SD ¼ 2.0) years, 715 incident invasive cancers were diagnosed including 118 female breast, 102 prostate, and 79 bronchus and lung cancers. The IR of all cancers combined was 26.2 [95% confidence interval (CI), 22.6–30.2] per 10,000 (10K) person-years (py). The IRs were lowest among persons of Mexican descent [IR, 19.0 (95% CI, 15.0–24.1) per 10K py] and highest for those of Puerto Rican [IR, 36.6 (95% CI, 28.4–47.0) per 10K py] descent. Compared with those of Mexican descent, those of Puerto Rican, Cuban, and Dominican descent had higher hazards of cancer incidence; the incidence of obesity-related (HR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.43–3.95) and tobacco-related (HR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.58–5.71) cancers was also the highest among Puerto Ricans. Conclusions: Cancer IRs varied by Hispanic/Latino heritage and were masked when Hispanics/Latinos were aggregated into a single group. Impact: Understanding disparities in cancer risk by Hispanic/ Latino heritage may help tailor cancer prevention and control strategies.