Abstract
Assessing and treating pain in nonverbal children with developmental disabilities are a clinical challenge. Current assessment approaches rely on clinical impression and behavioral rating scales completed by proxy report. Given the growing health relevance of the salivary metabolome, we undertook a translational-oriented feasibility study using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and neuropeptide/cytokine/hormone detection to compare a set of salivary biomarkers relevant to nociception. Design: Within-group observational design. Setting: Tertiary pediatric rehabilitation hospital. Subjects: Ten nonverbal pediatric patients with cerebral palsy with and without pain. Methods: Unstimulated (passively collected) saliva was collected using oral swabs followed by perchloric acid extraction and analyzed on a Bruker Avance 700MHz NMR spectrometer. We also measured salivary levels of several cytokines, chemokines, hormones, and neuropeptides. Results: Partial least squares discriminant analysis showed separation of those children with/without pain for a number of different biomarkers. The majority of the salivary metabolite, neuropeptide, cytokine, and hormone levels were higher in children with pain vs no pain. Conclusions: The ease of collection and noninvasive manner in which the samples were collected and analyzed support the possibility of the regular predictive use of this novel biomarker-monitoring method in clinical practice.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 249-256 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | Pain Medicine (United States) |
Volume | 16 |
Issue number | 2 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Feb 1 2015 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2015 American Academy of Pain Medicine.
Keywords
- Developmental Disability
- Metabolite
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
- Pain
- Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA)
- Saliva