Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) FeMT3 gene in heavy metal Stress: Protective role of the protein and inducibility of the promoter region under Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ treatments

The protective role in vivo of buckwheat metallothionein type 3 (FeMT3) during metal stress and the responsiveness of its promoter to metal ions were examined. Increased tolerance to heavy metals of FeMT3 producing Escherichia coli and cup1^Δ yeast cells was detected. The defensive ability of buckwheat MT3 during Cd and Cu stresses was also demonstrated in Nicotiana debneyii leaves transiently expressing FeMT3. In contrast to phytochelatins, the cytoplasmatic localization of FeMT3 was not altered under heavy metal stress. Functional analysis of the corresponding promoter region revealed extremely high inducibility upon Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺treatments. The confirmed defense ability of FeMT3 protein in vivo and the great responsiveness of its promoter during heavy metal exposure make this gene a suitable candidate for biotechnological applications.