Abstract
The majority of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have elevated blood pressure (BP). In patients with CKD, hypertension is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease, progression of CKD, and all-cause mortality. New guidelines from the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) recommend new thresholds and targets for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in patients with and without CKD. A new aspect of the guidelines is the recommendation for measurement of out-of-office BP to confirm the diagnosis of hypertension and guide therapy. In this KDOQI (Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative) perspective, we review the recommendations for accurate BP measurement in the office, at home, and with ambulatory BP monitoring. Regardless of location, validated devices and appropriate cuff sizes should be used. In the clinic and at home, proper patient preparation and positioning are critical. Patients should receive information about the importance of BP measurement techniques and be encouraged to advocate for adherence to guideline recommendations. Implementing appropriate BP measurement in routine practice is feasible and should be incorporated in system-wide efforts to improve the care of patients with hypertension. Hypertension is the number 1 chronic disease risk factor in the world; BP measurements in the office, at home, and with ambulatory BP monitoring should adhere to recommendations from the AHA.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 426-434 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | American Journal of Kidney Diseases |
| Volume | 75 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Mar 2020 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:There was no monetary or nonmonetary support for the preparation of the manuscript. Dr Drawz was supported by grant R01HL136679 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute .
Funding Information:
Paul E. Drawz, MD, MHS, MS, Srinivasan Beddhu, MD, Holly J. Kramer, MD, Michael Rakotz, MD, Michael V. Rocco, MD, MSCE, and Paul K. Whelton, MB, MD, MSc. There was no monetary or nonmonetary support for the preparation of the manuscript. Dr Drawz was supported by grant R01HL136679 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Dr Beddhu reports research grants/funding from NIH, VA, Boeringher Ingelheim, and Bayer, as well as consultant fees from Reata and Bayer. The other authors declare that they have no relevant financial interests. Dr Rocco is Chair of KDOQI. Dr Kramer is KDOQI Vice Chair for Controversies and Commentaries and President of the National Kidney Foundation. The opinions expressed here are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the American Medical Association. Received May 6, 2019, in response to an invitation from the journal. Evaluated by 2 external peer reviewers, with direct editorial input from an Associate Editor and a Deputy Editor. Accepted in revised form August 23, 2019.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
Keywords
- Hypertension
- ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM)
- best practices
- blood pressure determination
- blood pressure variation
- chronic kidney disease (CKD)
- home blood pressure monitoring
- measurement accuracy
- patient education
- quality improvement
