Abstract
Aims Optimal blood pressure for prevention of cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains uncertain and there is concern for increased risk with low diastolic blood pressure (DBP). This study analysed the association between blood pressure and CV outcomes in high-risk patients with T2DM. Methods Patients with T2DM and elevated CV risk were enrolled in the Saxagliptin Assessment of Vascular Outcomes and results Recorded in patients with diabetes mellitus—Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 53 trial. Cardiovascular outcomes were compared in the biomarker subgroup (n = 12 175) after stratification by baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) and DBP. Adjusted risk was calculated by blood pressure stratum using clinical covariates plus N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitivity troponin-T (hsTnT). Trends were tested using linear and quadratic models. Adjusted risk of the composite endpoint of CV death, myocardial infarction (MI), or ischaemic stroke showed U-shaped relationships with baseline SBP and DBP (Pquadratic <_ 0.01) with nadirs at SBP 130–140 or DBP 80–90 mmHg. Diastolic blood pressure <60 mmHg was associated with increased risk of MI (adjusted hazard ratio 2.30; 95% confidence interval 1.50–3.53) relative to DBP 80–90 mmHg. Adjusted odds of hsTnT concentration >_14 ng/L showed U-shaped relationships with SBP and DBP (Pquadratic <_ 0.01). The relationships between low DBP, elevated hsTnT, and increased MI remained after exclusion of patients with prior heart failure or NT-proBNP >median, suggesting that the relationship was not due to confounding from diagnosed or undiagnosed heart failure. Conclusions In patients with diabetes and elevated CV risk, even after extensive adjustment for underlying disease burden, there was a persistent association for low DBP with subclinical myocardial injury and risk of MI.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 2255-2262 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | European heart journal |
| Volume | 39 |
| Issue number | 24 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jun 1 2018 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Conflict of interest: B.A.B. was sponsored by NIH grant T32HL007604, Training Grant in Cardiovascular Research at the time of this research. Consultant fees: Janssen Pharmaceuticals and Daiichi-Sankyo. B.M.S. discloses the following relationships: Consultant fees/honoraria-AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Biogen Idec, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Dr Reddy’s Laboratories Inc., Forest Laboratories, GE Healthcare, GlaxoSmithKline, Health@Scale, Lexicon, Merck&Co., Inc., St. Jude Medical; Research/Research Grants - AstraZeneca, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eisai, Merck, Poxel. Ph.G.S. discloses the following relationships: research grant from Merck, Sanofi, and Servier, speaking or consulting fees from Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, CSL-Behring, Daiichi-Sankyo, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Lilly, Merck Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, Servier, The Medicines Company; C.L.F., Y.G. and O.M. have no conflicts of interest to disclose. A.C. discloses the following relationships: Advisory board: AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, Glucome, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi; is on the speaker’s bureau for AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi; and is shareholder of Glucome. I.R. discloses no relationships. D.L.B. discloses the following relationships: Advisory Board: Cardax, Elsevier Practice Update Cardiology, Medscape Cardiology, Regado Biosciences; Board of Directors: Boston VA Research Institute, Society of Cardiovascular Patient Care; Chair: American Heart Association Quality Oversight Committee; Data Monitoring Committees: Cleveland Clinic, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Harvard Clinical Research Institute, Mayo Clinic, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Population Health Research Institute; Honoraria: American College of Cardiology (Senior Associate Editor, Clinical Trials and News, ACC.org), Belvoir Publications (Editor in Chief, Harvard Heart Letter), Duke Clinical Research Institute (clinical trial steering committees), Harvard Clinical Research Institute (clinical trial steering committee), HMP Communications (Editor in Chief, Journal of Invasive Cardiology), Journal of the American College of Cardiology (Guest Editor; Associate Editor), Population Health Research Institute (clinical trial steering committee), Slack Publications (Chief Medical Editor, Cardiology Today’s Intervention), Society of Cardiovascular Patient Care (Secretary/Treasurer), WebMD (CME steering committees); Other: Clinical Cardiology (Deputy Editor), NCDR-ACTION Registry Steering Committee (Chair), VA CART Research and Publications Committee (Chair); Research Funding: Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chiesi, Eisai, Ethicon, Forest Laboratories, Ironwood, Ischemix, Lilly, Medtronic, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi Aventis, The Medicines Company; Royalties: Elsevier (Editor, Cardiovascular Intervention: A Companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease); Site Co-Investigator: Biotronik, Boston Scientific, St. Jude Medical (now Abbott); Trustee: American College of Cardiology; Unfunded Research: FlowCo, Merck, PLx Pharma, Takeda.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2018.
Keywords
- Biomarkers
- Blood pressure
- Diabetes
- Hypertension
