Biodiversity recovery of Neotropical secondary forests

Danaë M.A. Rozendaal; Frans Bongers; T. Mitchell Aide; Esteban Alvarez-Dávila; Nataly Ascarrunz; Patricia Balvanera; Justin M. Becknell; Tony V. Bentos; Pedro H.S. Brancalion; George A.L. Cabral; Sofia Calvo-Rodriguez; Jerome Chave; Ricardo G. César; Robin L. Chazdon; Richard Condit; Jorn S. Dallinga; Jarcilene S. De Almeida-Cortez; Ben De Jong; Alexandre De Oliveira; Julie S. Denslow; Daisy H. Dent; Saara J. DeWalt; Juan Manuel Dupuy; Sandra M. Durán; Loïc P. Dutrieux; Mario M. Espírito-Santo; María C. Fandino; G. Wilson Fernandes; Bryan Finegan; Hernando García; Noel Gonzalez; Vanessa Granda Moser; Jefferson S. Hall; José Luis Hernández-Stefanoni; Stephen Hubbell; Catarina C. Jakovac; Alma Johanna Hernández; André B. Junqueira; Deborah Kennard; Denis Larpin; Susan G. Letcher; Juan Carlos Licona; Edwin Lebrija-Trejos; Erika Marín-Spiotta; Miguel Martínez-Ramos; Paulo E.S. Massoca; Jorge A. Meave; Rita C.G. Mesquita; Francisco Mora; Sandra C. Müller; Rodrigo Muñoz; Silvio Nolasco De Oliveira Neto; Natalia Norden; Yule R.F. Nunes; Susana Ochoa-Gaona; Edgar Ortiz-Malavassi; Rebecca Ostertag; Marielos Peña-Claros; Eduardo A. Pérez-García; Daniel Piotto; Jennifer S. Powers; José Aguilar-Cano; Susana Rodriguez-Buritica; Jorge Rodríguez-Velázquez; Marco Antonio Romero-Romero; Jorge Ruíz; Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa; Arlete Silva De Almeida; Whendee L. Silver; Naomi B. Schwartz; William Wayt Thomas; Marisol Toledo; Maria Uriarte; Everardo Valadares De Sá Sampaio; Michiel Van Breugel; Hans Van Der Wal; Sebastião Venâncio Martins; Maria D.M. Veloso; Hans F.M. Vester; Alberto Vicentini; Ima C.G. Vieira; Pedro Villa; G. Bruce Williamson; Kátia J. Zanini; Jess Zimmerman; Lourens Poorter

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aau3114

Biodiversity recovery of Neotropical secondary forests

Danaë M.A. Rozendaal, Frans Bongers, T. Mitchell Aide, Esteban Alvarez-Dávila, Nataly Ascarrunz, Patricia Balvanera, Justin M. Becknell, Tony V. Bentos, Pedro H.S. Brancalion, George A.L. Cabral, Sofia Calvo-Rodriguez, Jerome Chave, Ricardo G. César, Robin L. Chazdon, Richard Condit, Jorn S. Dallinga, Jarcilene S. De Almeida-Cortez, Ben De Jong, Alexandre De Oliveira, Julie S. DenslowDaisy H. Dent, Saara J. DeWalt, Juan Manuel Dupuy, Sandra M. Durán, Loïc P. Dutrieux, Mario M. Espírito-Santo, María C. Fandino, G. Wilson Fernandes, Bryan Finegan, Hernando García, Noel Gonzalez, Vanessa Granda Moser, Jefferson S. Hall, José Luis Hernández-Stefanoni, Stephen Hubbell, Catarina C. Jakovac, Alma Johanna Hernández, André B. Junqueira, Deborah Kennard, Denis Larpin, Susan G. Letcher, Juan Carlos Licona, Edwin Lebrija-Trejos, Erika Marín-Spiotta, Miguel Martínez-Ramos, Paulo E.S. Massoca, Jorge A. Meave, Rita C.G. Mesquita, Francisco Mora, Sandra C. Müller, Rodrigo Muñoz, Silvio Nolasco De Oliveira Neto, Natalia Norden, Yule R.F. Nunes, Susana Ochoa-Gaona, Edgar Ortiz-Malavassi, Rebecca Ostertag, Marielos Peña-Claros, Eduardo A. Pérez-García, Daniel Piotto, Jennifer S. Powers, José Aguilar-Cano, Susana Rodriguez-Buritica, Jorge Rodríguez-Velázquez, Marco Antonio Romero-Romero, Jorge Ruíz, Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arlete Silva De Almeida, Whendee L. Silver, Naomi B. Schwartz, William Wayt Thomas, Marisol Toledo, Maria Uriarte, Everardo Valadares De Sá Sampaio, Michiel Van Breugel, Hans Van Der Wal, Sebastião Venâncio Martins, Maria D.M. Veloso, Hans F.M. Vester, Alberto Vicentini, Ima C.G. Vieira, Pedro Villa, G. Bruce Williamson, Kátia J. Zanini, Jess Zimmerman, Lourens Poorter

Ecology, Evolution and Behavior

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

247 Scopus citations

Abstract

Old-growth tropical forests harbor an immense diversity of tree species but are rapidly being cleared, while secondary forests that regrow on abandoned agricultural lands increase in extent. We assess how tree species richness and composition recover during secondary succession across gradients in environmental conditions and anthropogenic disturbance in an unprecedented multisite analysis for the Neotropics. Secondary forests recover remarkably fast in species richness but slowly in species composition. Secondary forests take a median time of five decades to recover the species richness of old-growth forest (80% recovery after 20 years) based on rarefaction analysis. Full recovery of species composition takes centuries (only 34% recovery after 20 years). A dual strategy that maintains both old-growth forests and species-rich secondary forests is therefore crucial for biodiversity conservation in human-modified tropical landscapes.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	eaau3114
Journal	Science Advances
Volume	5
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau3114
State	Published - Mar 2019

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We acknowledge the following agencies for financial support: the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade-DFAT, the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP), the Blue Moon Foundation, CGIAR-FTA, CIFOR, COLCIENCIAS (grant no. PRE00503026837, 521, 2010), COLCIENCIAS (grant no. 1243-13-16640), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (SEP-CONACYT 2009-129740 and SEP-CONACYT 2015-255544 for ReSerBos, SEP-CONACYT CB-2005-01-51043 and CB-2009-128136, CONACYT 33851-B, and SEMARNAT-CONACYT 2002 C01-0597), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq 481576/2009-6, 563304/2010-3, 562955/2010-0, 574008/2008-0, 308778/2017-0, PQ 306375/2016-8, PQ 307422/2012-7, and PQ 309874/2015-7), FOMIX-Yucatan (YUC-2008-C06-108863), ForestGEO, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG CRA APQ-00001-11, PPM-00627-16), Fundación Ecológica de Cuixmala, the Global Environment Facility (GEF-grant VEN/SGP/2010-2015), the Heising-Simons Foundation, HSBC, the IAI Nitrogen Initiative, Investissement d'Avenir grant of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA: ANR-10- LABX-25-01), ICETEX, Instituto Internacional de Educação do Brasil (IEB), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia dos Serviços Ambientais da Amazonia (INCT/Servamb), the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (Tropi-dry network CRN3-025) via a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation (grant no. GEO-1128040), Intercolombia, the International Climate Initiative (IKI) of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, the NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program, the National Science Foundation [NSF-CNH-RCN grant 1313788 for Tropical Reforestation Network: Building a Socioecological Understanding of Tropical Reforestation (PARTNERS), NSF DEB-0129104, NSF DEB-9972116, NSF BCS-1349952, NSF Career Grant DEB-1053237, NSF DEB-1050957, 0639393, 1147429, 0639114, and 1147434], Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB), Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO; grant no. NWO-ALWOP.241), the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad), NUFFIC, PAPIIT-DGAPA-UNAM IN213714 and IN218416, Science without Borders Program (CAPES/CNPq) (grant no. 88881.064976/2014-01), Stanley Motta, the Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment, the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (grant nos. 2011/06782-5 and 2014/14503-7), the United Nations Development Programme (Venezuela), Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas (INIA-Amazonas), the Silicon Valley Community Foundation, Stichting Het Kronendak, the Tropenbos Foundation, the University of Connecticut Research Foundation, USAID (BOLFOR), Wageningen University (INREF Terra Preta programme and FOREFRONT programme), and Yale-NUS College (grant no. R-607-265-054-121). This study was partly funded by the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 283093 [Role Of Biodiversity In climate change mitigatioN (ROBIN)].

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Rozendaal, D. M. A., Bongers, F., Aide, T. M., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Ascarrunz, N., Balvanera, P., Becknell, J. M., Bentos, T. V., Brancalion, P. H. S., Cabral, G. A. L., Calvo-Rodriguez, S., Chave, J., César, R. G., Chazdon, R. L., Condit, R., Dallinga, J. S., De Almeida-Cortez, J. S., De Jong, B., De Oliveira, A., ... Poorter, L. (2019). Biodiversity recovery of Neotropical secondary forests. Science Advances, 5(3), [eaau3114]. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau3114

Rozendaal, DMA, Bongers, F, Aide, TM, Alvarez-Dávila, E, Ascarrunz, N, Balvanera, P, Becknell, JM, Bentos, TV, Brancalion, PHS, Cabral, GAL, Calvo-Rodriguez, S, Chave, J, César, RG, Chazdon, RL, Condit, R, Dallinga, JS, De Almeida-Cortez, JS, De Jong, B, De Oliveira, A, Denslow, JS, Dent, DH, DeWalt, SJ, Dupuy, JM, Durán, SM, Dutrieux, LP, Espírito-Santo, MM, Fandino, MC, Fernandes, GW, Finegan, B, García, H, Gonzalez, N, Moser, VG, Hall, JS, Hernández-Stefanoni, JL, Hubbell, S, Jakovac, CC, Hernández, AJ, Junqueira, AB, Kennard, D, Larpin, D, Letcher, SG, Licona, JC, Lebrija-Trejos, E, Marín-Spiotta, E, Martínez-Ramos, M, Massoca, PES, Meave, JA, Mesquita, RCG, Mora, F, Müller, SC, Muñoz, R, De Oliveira Neto, SN, Norden, N, Nunes, YRF, Ochoa-Gaona, S, Ortiz-Malavassi, E, Ostertag, R, Peña-Claros, M, Pérez-García, EA, Piotto, D, Powers, JS, Aguilar-Cano, J, Rodriguez-Buritica, S, Rodríguez-Velázquez, J, Romero-Romero, MA, Ruíz, J, Sanchez-Azofeifa, A, De Almeida, AS, Silver, WL, Schwartz, NB, Thomas, WW, Toledo, M, Uriarte, M, De Sá Sampaio, EV, Van Breugel, M, Van Der Wal, H, Martins, SV, Veloso, MDM, Vester, HFM, Vicentini, A, Vieira, ICG, Villa, P, Williamson, GB, Zanini, KJ, Zimmerman, J & Poorter, L 2019, 'Biodiversity recovery of Neotropical secondary forests', Science Advances, vol. 5, no. 3, eaau3114. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau3114

@article{0a3b069bd3eb47379cf81f2b52510953,

title = "Biodiversity recovery of Neotropical secondary forests",

abstract = "Old-growth tropical forests harbor an immense diversity of tree species but are rapidly being cleared, while secondary forests that regrow on abandoned agricultural lands increase in extent. We assess how tree species richness and composition recover during secondary succession across gradients in environmental conditions and anthropogenic disturbance in an unprecedented multisite analysis for the Neotropics. Secondary forests recover remarkably fast in species richness but slowly in species composition. Secondary forests take a median time of five decades to recover the species richness of old-growth forest (80% recovery after 20 years) based on rarefaction analysis. Full recovery of species composition takes centuries (only 34% recovery after 20 years). A dual strategy that maintains both old-growth forests and species-rich secondary forests is therefore crucial for biodiversity conservation in human-modified tropical landscapes.",

author = "Rozendaal, {Dana{\"e} M.A.} and Frans Bongers and Aide, {T. Mitchell} and Esteban Alvarez-D{\'a}vila and Nataly Ascarrunz and Patricia Balvanera and Becknell, {Justin M.} and Bentos, {Tony V.} and Brancalion, {Pedro H.S.} and Cabral, {George A.L.} and Sofia Calvo-Rodriguez and Jerome Chave and C{\'e}sar, {Ricardo G.} and Chazdon, {Robin L.} and Richard Condit and Dallinga, {Jorn S.} and {De Almeida-Cortez}, {Jarcilene S.} and {De Jong}, Ben and {De Oliveira}, Alexandre and Denslow, {Julie S.} and Dent, {Daisy H.} and DeWalt, {Saara J.} and Dupuy, {Juan Manuel} and Dur{\'a}n, {Sandra M.} and Dutrieux, {Lo{\"i}c P.} and Esp{\'i}rito-Santo, {Mario M.} and Fandino, {Mar{\'i}a C.} and Fernandes, {G. Wilson} and Bryan Finegan and Hernando Garc{\'i}a and Noel Gonzalez and Moser, {Vanessa Granda} and Hall, {Jefferson S.} and Hern{\'a}ndez-Stefanoni, {Jos{\'e} Luis} and Stephen Hubbell and Jakovac, {Catarina C.} and Hern{\'a}ndez, {Alma Johanna} and Junqueira, {Andr{\'e} B.} and Deborah Kennard and Denis Larpin and Letcher, {Susan G.} and Licona, {Juan Carlos} and Edwin Lebrija-Trejos and Erika Mar{\'i}n-Spiotta and Miguel Mart{\'i}nez-Ramos and Massoca, {Paulo E.S.} and Meave, {Jorge A.} and Mesquita, {Rita C.G.} and Francisco Mora and M{\"u}ller, {Sandra C.} and Rodrigo Mu{\~n}oz and {De Oliveira Neto}, {Silvio Nolasco} and Natalia Norden and Nunes, {Yule R.F.} and Susana Ochoa-Gaona and Edgar Ortiz-Malavassi and Rebecca Ostertag and Marielos Pe{\~n}a-Claros and P{\'e}rez-Garc{\'i}a, {Eduardo A.} and Daniel Piotto and Powers, {Jennifer S.} and Jos{\'e} Aguilar-Cano and Susana Rodriguez-Buritica and Jorge Rodr{\'i}guez-Vel{\'a}zquez and Romero-Romero, {Marco Antonio} and Jorge Ru{\'i}z and Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa and {De Almeida}, {Arlete Silva} and Silver, {Whendee L.} and Schwartz, {Naomi B.} and Thomas, {William Wayt} and Marisol Toledo and Maria Uriarte and {De S{\'a} Sampaio}, {Everardo Valadares} and {Van Breugel}, Michiel and {Van Der Wal}, Hans and Martins, {Sebasti{\~a}o Ven{\^a}ncio} and Veloso, {Maria D.M.} and Vester, {Hans F.M.} and Alberto Vicentini and Vieira, {Ima C.G.} and Pedro Villa and Williamson, {G. Bruce} and Zanini, {K{\'a}tia J.} and Jess Zimmerman and Lourens Poorter",

note = "Funding Information: We acknowledge the following agencies for financial support: the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade-DFAT, the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP), the Blue Moon Foundation, CGIAR-FTA, CIFOR, COLCIENCIAS (grant no. PRE00503026837, 521, 2010), COLCIENCIAS (grant no. 1243-13-16640), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog{\'i}a (SEP-CONACYT 2009-129740 and SEP-CONACYT 2015-255544 for ReSerBos, SEP-CONACYT CB-2005-01-51043 and CB-2009-128136, CONACYT 33851-B, and SEMARNAT-CONACYT 2002 C01-0597), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient{\'i}fico e Tecnol{\'o}gico (CNPq 481576/2009-6, 563304/2010-3, 562955/2010-0, 574008/2008-0, 308778/2017-0, PQ 306375/2016-8, PQ 307422/2012-7, and PQ 309874/2015-7), FOMIX-Yucatan (YUC-2008-C06-108863), ForestGEO, Funda{\c c}{\~a}o de Amparo {\`a} Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM), Funda{\c c}{\~a}o de Amparo {\`a} Pesquisa de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG CRA APQ-00001-11, PPM-00627-16), Fundaci{\'o}n Ecol{\'o}gica de Cuixmala, the Global Environment Facility (GEF-grant VEN/SGP/2010-2015), the Heising-Simons Foundation, HSBC, the IAI Nitrogen Initiative, Investissement d'Avenir grant of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA: ANR-10- LABX-25-01), ICETEX, Instituto Internacional de Educa{\c c}{\~a}o do Brasil (IEB), Instituto Nacional de Ci{\^e}ncia e Tecnologia dos Servi{\c c}os Ambientais da Amazonia (INCT/Servamb), the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (Tropi-dry network CRN3-025) via a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation (grant no. GEO-1128040), Intercolombia, the International Climate Initiative (IKI) of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, the NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program, the National Science Foundation [NSF-CNH-RCN grant 1313788 for Tropical Reforestation Network: Building a Socioecological Understanding of Tropical Reforestation (PARTNERS), NSF DEB-0129104, NSF DEB-9972116, NSF BCS-1349952, NSF Career Grant DEB-1053237, NSF DEB-1050957, 0639393, 1147429, 0639114, and 1147434], Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB), Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO; grant no. NWO-ALWOP.241), the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad), NUFFIC, PAPIIT-DGAPA-UNAM IN213714 and IN218416, Science without Borders Program (CAPES/CNPq) (grant no. 88881.064976/2014-01), Stanley Motta, the Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment, the S{\~a}o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (grant nos. 2011/06782-5 and 2014/14503-7), the United Nations Development Programme (Venezuela), Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agr{\'i}colas (INIA-Amazonas), the Silicon Valley Community Foundation, Stichting Het Kronendak, the Tropenbos Foundation, the University of Connecticut Research Foundation, USAID (BOLFOR), Wageningen University (INREF Terra Preta programme and FOREFRONT programme), and Yale-NUS College (grant no. R-607-265-054-121). This study was partly funded by the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 283093 [Role Of Biodiversity In climate change mitigatioN (ROBIN)]. Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved.",

year = "2019",

month = mar,

doi = "10.1126/sciadv.aau3114",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "5",

journal = "Science advances",

issn = "2375-2548",

publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",

number = "3",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Biodiversity recovery of Neotropical secondary forests

AU - Rozendaal, Danaë M.A.

AU - Bongers, Frans

AU - Aide, T. Mitchell

AU - Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban

AU - Ascarrunz, Nataly

AU - Balvanera, Patricia

AU - Becknell, Justin M.

AU - Bentos, Tony V.

AU - Brancalion, Pedro H.S.

AU - Cabral, George A.L.

AU - Calvo-Rodriguez, Sofia

AU - Chave, Jerome

AU - César, Ricardo G.

AU - Chazdon, Robin L.

AU - Condit, Richard

AU - Dallinga, Jorn S.

AU - De Almeida-Cortez, Jarcilene S.

AU - De Jong, Ben

AU - De Oliveira, Alexandre

AU - Denslow, Julie S.

AU - Dent, Daisy H.

AU - DeWalt, Saara J.

AU - Dupuy, Juan Manuel

AU - Durán, Sandra M.

AU - Dutrieux, Loïc P.

AU - Espírito-Santo, Mario M.

AU - Fandino, María C.

AU - Fernandes, G. Wilson

AU - Finegan, Bryan

AU - García, Hernando

AU - Gonzalez, Noel

AU - Moser, Vanessa Granda

AU - Hall, Jefferson S.

AU - Hernández-Stefanoni, José Luis

AU - Hubbell, Stephen

AU - Jakovac, Catarina C.

AU - Hernández, Alma Johanna

AU - Junqueira, André B.

AU - Kennard, Deborah

AU - Larpin, Denis

AU - Letcher, Susan G.

AU - Licona, Juan Carlos

AU - Lebrija-Trejos, Edwin

AU - Marín-Spiotta, Erika

AU - Martínez-Ramos, Miguel

AU - Massoca, Paulo E.S.

AU - Meave, Jorge A.

AU - Mesquita, Rita C.G.

AU - Mora, Francisco

AU - Müller, Sandra C.

AU - Muñoz, Rodrigo

AU - De Oliveira Neto, Silvio Nolasco

AU - Norden, Natalia

AU - Nunes, Yule R.F.

AU - Ochoa-Gaona, Susana

AU - Ortiz-Malavassi, Edgar

AU - Ostertag, Rebecca

AU - Peña-Claros, Marielos

AU - Pérez-García, Eduardo A.

AU - Piotto, Daniel

AU - Powers, Jennifer S.

AU - Aguilar-Cano, José

AU - Rodriguez-Buritica, Susana

AU - Rodríguez-Velázquez, Jorge

AU - Romero-Romero, Marco Antonio

AU - Ruíz, Jorge

AU - Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arturo

AU - De Almeida, Arlete Silva

AU - Silver, Whendee L.

AU - Schwartz, Naomi B.

AU - Thomas, William Wayt

AU - Toledo, Marisol

AU - Uriarte, Maria

AU - De Sá Sampaio, Everardo Valadares

AU - Van Breugel, Michiel

AU - Van Der Wal, Hans

AU - Martins, Sebastião Venâncio

AU - Veloso, Maria D.M.

AU - Vester, Hans F.M.

AU - Vicentini, Alberto

AU - Vieira, Ima C.G.

AU - Villa, Pedro

AU - Williamson, G. Bruce

AU - Zanini, Kátia J.

AU - Zimmerman, Jess

AU - Poorter, Lourens

N1 - Funding Information: We acknowledge the following agencies for financial support: the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade-DFAT, the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP), the Blue Moon Foundation, CGIAR-FTA, CIFOR, COLCIENCIAS (grant no. PRE00503026837, 521, 2010), COLCIENCIAS (grant no. 1243-13-16640), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (SEP-CONACYT 2009-129740 and SEP-CONACYT 2015-255544 for ReSerBos, SEP-CONACYT CB-2005-01-51043 and CB-2009-128136, CONACYT 33851-B, and SEMARNAT-CONACYT 2002 C01-0597), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq 481576/2009-6, 563304/2010-3, 562955/2010-0, 574008/2008-0, 308778/2017-0, PQ 306375/2016-8, PQ 307422/2012-7, and PQ 309874/2015-7), FOMIX-Yucatan (YUC-2008-C06-108863), ForestGEO, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG CRA APQ-00001-11, PPM-00627-16), Fundación Ecológica de Cuixmala, the Global Environment Facility (GEF-grant VEN/SGP/2010-2015), the Heising-Simons Foundation, HSBC, the IAI Nitrogen Initiative, Investissement d'Avenir grant of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA: ANR-10- LABX-25-01), ICETEX, Instituto Internacional de Educação do Brasil (IEB), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia dos Serviços Ambientais da Amazonia (INCT/Servamb), the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (Tropi-dry network CRN3-025) via a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation (grant no. GEO-1128040), Intercolombia, the International Climate Initiative (IKI) of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, the NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program, the National Science Foundation [NSF-CNH-RCN grant 1313788 for Tropical Reforestation Network: Building a Socioecological Understanding of Tropical Reforestation (PARTNERS), NSF DEB-0129104, NSF DEB-9972116, NSF BCS-1349952, NSF Career Grant DEB-1053237, NSF DEB-1050957, 0639393, 1147429, 0639114, and 1147434], Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB), Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO; grant no. NWO-ALWOP.241), the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad), NUFFIC, PAPIIT-DGAPA-UNAM IN213714 and IN218416, Science without Borders Program (CAPES/CNPq) (grant no. 88881.064976/2014-01), Stanley Motta, the Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment, the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (grant nos. 2011/06782-5 and 2014/14503-7), the United Nations Development Programme (Venezuela), Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas (INIA-Amazonas), the Silicon Valley Community Foundation, Stichting Het Kronendak, the Tropenbos Foundation, the University of Connecticut Research Foundation, USAID (BOLFOR), Wageningen University (INREF Terra Preta programme and FOREFRONT programme), and Yale-NUS College (grant no. R-607-265-054-121). This study was partly funded by the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 283093 [Role Of Biodiversity In climate change mitigatioN (ROBIN)]. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved.

PY - 2019/3

Y1 - 2019/3

N2 - Old-growth tropical forests harbor an immense diversity of tree species but are rapidly being cleared, while secondary forests that regrow on abandoned agricultural lands increase in extent. We assess how tree species richness and composition recover during secondary succession across gradients in environmental conditions and anthropogenic disturbance in an unprecedented multisite analysis for the Neotropics. Secondary forests recover remarkably fast in species richness but slowly in species composition. Secondary forests take a median time of five decades to recover the species richness of old-growth forest (80% recovery after 20 years) based on rarefaction analysis. Full recovery of species composition takes centuries (only 34% recovery after 20 years). A dual strategy that maintains both old-growth forests and species-rich secondary forests is therefore crucial for biodiversity conservation in human-modified tropical landscapes.

AB - Old-growth tropical forests harbor an immense diversity of tree species but are rapidly being cleared, while secondary forests that regrow on abandoned agricultural lands increase in extent. We assess how tree species richness and composition recover during secondary succession across gradients in environmental conditions and anthropogenic disturbance in an unprecedented multisite analysis for the Neotropics. Secondary forests recover remarkably fast in species richness but slowly in species composition. Secondary forests take a median time of five decades to recover the species richness of old-growth forest (80% recovery after 20 years) based on rarefaction analysis. Full recovery of species composition takes centuries (only 34% recovery after 20 years). A dual strategy that maintains both old-growth forests and species-rich secondary forests is therefore crucial for biodiversity conservation in human-modified tropical landscapes.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85062703057&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85062703057&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1126/sciadv.aau3114

DO - 10.1126/sciadv.aau3114

M3 - Article

C2 - 30854424

AN - SCOPUS:85062703057

SN - 2375-2548

VL - 5

JO - Science advances

JF - Science advances

IS - 3

M1 - eaau3114

ER -

Biodiversity recovery of Neotropical secondary forests

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