Berberine induced apoptosis via promoting the expression of caspase-8, -9 and -3, apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease G in SCC-4 human tongue squamous carcinoma cancer cells

Many phytochemicals have been recognized to have potential chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment. In this study, we hypothesized that berberine would have anticancer activities in SCC-4 human tongue cancer cells. Results indicated that berberine reduced the viability of SCC-4 cells, which was initiated by the generation of reactive oxygen species, via an increase in cytosolic Ca²⁺. Berberine-induced apoptosis was associated with a reduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential associated with changes in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and activation of down stream caspase-3. Real-time PCR showed that berberine stimulated gene expression of caspase-8, -9 and -3, apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease G. The present study demonstrated that berberine-mediated apoptosis of SCC-4 cells is regulated by ROS, mitochondria, caspase-3-dependent and mitochondria-dependent pathways, suggesting that berberine may be considered for future studies as a promising therapeutic candidate for human tongue cancer.