Behavioral Therapies and Biofeedback for Anal Incontinence

To describe pelvic physiotherapists’ skills and clinical reasoning, we present a summary of an Evidence Statement Anal Incontinence (AI) based on outlined practice-driven problem definitions. Also, a summary of the current state of knowledge is provided. Methodic assessment and treatment are formulated, placing the evidence in a broader perspective of current developments. Electronic literature searches were conducted in relevant databases with regard to etiological and prognostic factors, predictors of response to therapy, assessment, and treatment. The recommendations have been formulated on the basis of scientific evidence, and where no evidence was available, recommendations were consensus-based. The diagnostic process consists of history-taking and physical examination supported by measurement instruments. For each problem category for patients with AI, a certain treatment plan can be distinguished. Available evidence and expert opinion support the use of education, pelvic floor muscle training, biofeedback, and electrostimulation in selected patients.