Association of prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution with adverse birth outcomes and effect modification by socioeconomic factors

Sabah M. Quraishi; Marnie F. Hazlehurst; Christine T. Loftus; Ruby H.N. Nguyen; Emily S. Barrett; Joel D. Kaufman; Nicole R. Bush; Catherine J. Karr; Kaja Z. LeWinn; Sheela Sathyanarayana; Frances A. Tylavsky; Adam A. Szpiro; Daniel A. Enquobahrie

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.113571

Association of prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution with adverse birth outcomes and effect modification by socioeconomic factors

Sabah M. Quraishi, Marnie F. Hazlehurst, Christine T. Loftus, Ruby H.N. Nguyen, Emily S. Barrett, Joel D. Kaufman, Nicole R. Bush, Catherine J. Karr, Kaja Z. LeWinn, Sheela Sathyanarayana, Frances A. Tylavsky, Adam A. Szpiro, Daniel A. Enquobahrie

Epidemiology & Community Health

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

5 Scopus citations

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Maternal exposure to air pollution has been associated with birth outcomes; however, few studies examined biologically critical exposure windows shorter than trimesters or potential effect modifiers.

OBJECTIVES: To examine associations of prenatal fine particulate matter (PM 2.5), by trimester and in biologically critical windows, with birth outcomes and assess potential effect modifiers.

METHODS: This study used two pregnancy cohorts (CANDLE and TIDES; N = 2099) in the ECHO PATHWAYS Consortium. PM 2.5 was estimated at the maternal residence using a fine-scale spatiotemporal model, averaged over pregnancy, trimesters, and critical windows (0-2 weeks, 10-12 weeks, and last month of pregnancy). Outcomes were preterm birth (PTB, <37 completed weeks of gestation), small-for-gestational-age (SGA), and continuous birthweight. We fit multivariable adjusted linear regression models for birthweight and Poisson regression models (relative risk, RR) for PTB and SGA. Effect modification by socioeconomic factors (maternal education, household income, neighborhood deprivation) and infant sex were examined using interaction terms.

RESULTS: Overall, 9% of births were PTB, 10.4% were SGA, and mean term birthweight was 3268 g (SD = 558.6). There was no association of PM 2.5 concentration with PTB or SGA. Lower birthweight was associated with higher PM 2.5 averaged over pregnancy (β -114.2, 95%CI -183.2, -45.3), during second (β -52.9, 95%CI -94.7, -11.2) and third (β -45.5, 95%CI -85.9, -5.0) trimesters, and the month prior to delivery (β -30.5, 95%CI -57.6, -3.3). Associations of PM 2.5 with likelihood of SGA and lower birthweight were stronger among male infants (p-interaction ≤0.05) and in those with lower household income (p-interaction = 0.09).

CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this multi city U.S. birth cohort study support previous reports of inverse associations of birthweight with higher PM 2.5 exposure during pregnancy. Findings also suggest possible modification of this association by infant sex and household income.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	113571
Journal	Environmental Research
Volume	212
Issue number	Pt E
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113571
State	Published - Sep 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Adam Szpiro reports financial support was provided by University of Washington. Adam Szpiro reports a relationship with Health Effects Institute that includes: consulting or advisory. Adam Szpiro reports a relationship with Sonoma Technology Inc that includes: consulting or advisory. All other authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships.This work is a product of the ECHO PATHWAYS Consortium funded by NIH grants 1UG3OD023271-01 and 4UH3OD023271. CANDLE was also funded by the Urban Child Institute. TIDES is funded by NIH grants R01ES01686, 1 R01 ES25169, R01ES016863-02S4, and 3R01ES025169-04S1. This publication was developed under a STAR research assistance agreements, No. RD831697 (MESA Air) and RD-83830001 (MESA Air Next Stage), awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has not been formally reviewed by the EPA. The views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors and the EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. This research was also supported by P01AG055367 from the National Institute of Aging and by R01ES025888 the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). This work was supported in part by UW NIEHS sponsored Biostatistics, Epidemiologic and Bioinformatic Training in Environmental Health (BEBTEH) Training Grant: NIEHS T32ES015459. Lastly, the research reported in this publication was supported by the University of Washington EDGE Center of the National Institutes of Health under award number P30ES007033. This article was prepared while S.M.Q. was employed at the University of Washington. The opinions expressed in this article are the author's own and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government.

Funding Information:
The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Adam Szpiro reports financial support was provided by University of Washington . Adam Szpiro reports a relationship with Health Effects Institute that includes: consulting or advisory. Adam Szpiro reports a relationship with Sonoma Technology Inc that includes: consulting or advisory. All other authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships.

Funding Information:
This work is a product of the ECHO PATHWAYS Consortium funded by NIH grants 1UG3OD023271-01 and 4UH3OD023271 . CANDLE was also funded by the Urban Child Institute . TIDES is funded by NIH grants R01ES01686 , 1 R01 ES25169 , R01ES016863-02S4 , and 3R01ES025169-04S1 . This publication was developed under a STAR research assistance agreements, No. RD831697 (MESA Air) and RD-83830001 (MESA Air Next Stage), awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has not been formally reviewed by the EPA. The views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors and the EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. This research was also supported by P01AG055367 from the National Institute of Aging and by R01ES025888 the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) . This work was supported in part by UW NIEHS sponsored Biostatistics, Epidemiologic and Bioinformatic Training in Environmental Health (BEBTEH) Training Grant: NIEHS T32ES015459 . Lastly, the research reported in this publication was supported by the University of Washington EDGE Center of the National Institutes of Health under award number P30ES007033 . This article was prepared while S.M.Q. was employed at the University of Washington . The opinions expressed in this article are the author's own and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022

Keywords

Air pollution
Birth outcomes
Birthweight
Effect modification
Fine particulate matter
Prenatal exposure
Preterm birth
Humans
Fetal Growth Retardation
Male
Premature Birth/chemically induced
Air Pollution/adverse effects
Socioeconomic Factors
Pregnancy
Birth Weight
Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/chemically induced
Air Pollutants/analysis
Female
Particulate Matter/analysis
Maternal Exposure/adverse effects
Infant, Newborn
Cohort Studies

PubMed: MeSH publication types

Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.envres.2022.113571License: CC BY-NC

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Quraishi, S. M., Hazlehurst, M. F., Loftus, C. T., Nguyen, R. H. N., Barrett, E. S., Kaufman, J. D., Bush, N. R., Karr, C. J., LeWinn, K. Z., Sathyanarayana, S., Tylavsky, F. A., Szpiro, A. A., & Enquobahrie, D. A. (2022). Association of prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution with adverse birth outcomes and effect modification by socioeconomic factors. Environmental Research, 212(Pt E), Article 113571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113571

Quraishi, SM, Hazlehurst, MF, Loftus, CT, Nguyen, RHN, Barrett, ES, Kaufman, JD, Bush, NR, Karr, CJ, LeWinn, KZ, Sathyanarayana, S, Tylavsky, FA, Szpiro, AA & Enquobahrie, DA 2022, 'Association of prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution with adverse birth outcomes and effect modification by socioeconomic factors', Environmental Research, vol. 212, no. Pt E, 113571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113571

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title = "Association of prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution with adverse birth outcomes and effect modification by socioeconomic factors",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: Maternal exposure to air pollution has been associated with birth outcomes; however, few studies examined biologically critical exposure windows shorter than trimesters or potential effect modifiers.OBJECTIVES: To examine associations of prenatal fine particulate matter (PM 2.5), by trimester and in biologically critical windows, with birth outcomes and assess potential effect modifiers. METHODS: This study used two pregnancy cohorts (CANDLE and TIDES; N = 2099) in the ECHO PATHWAYS Consortium. PM 2.5 was estimated at the maternal residence using a fine-scale spatiotemporal model, averaged over pregnancy, trimesters, and critical windows (0-2 weeks, 10-12 weeks, and last month of pregnancy). Outcomes were preterm birth (PTB, <37 completed weeks of gestation), small-for-gestational-age (SGA), and continuous birthweight. We fit multivariable adjusted linear regression models for birthweight and Poisson regression models (relative risk, RR) for PTB and SGA. Effect modification by socioeconomic factors (maternal education, household income, neighborhood deprivation) and infant sex were examined using interaction terms. RESULTS: Overall, 9% of births were PTB, 10.4% were SGA, and mean term birthweight was 3268 g (SD = 558.6). There was no association of PM 2.5 concentration with PTB or SGA. Lower birthweight was associated with higher PM 2.5 averaged over pregnancy (β -114.2, 95%CI -183.2, -45.3), during second (β -52.9, 95%CI -94.7, -11.2) and third (β -45.5, 95%CI -85.9, -5.0) trimesters, and the month prior to delivery (β -30.5, 95%CI -57.6, -3.3). Associations of PM 2.5 with likelihood of SGA and lower birthweight were stronger among male infants (p-interaction ≤0.05) and in those with lower household income (p-interaction = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this multi city U.S. birth cohort study support previous reports of inverse associations of birthweight with higher PM 2.5 exposure during pregnancy. Findings also suggest possible modification of this association by infant sex and household income. ",

keywords = "Air pollution, Birth outcomes, Birthweight, Effect modification, Fine particulate matter, Prenatal exposure, Preterm birth, Humans, Fetal Growth Retardation, Male, Premature Birth/chemically induced, Air Pollution/adverse effects, Socioeconomic Factors, Pregnancy, Birth Weight, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/chemically induced, Air Pollutants/analysis, Female, Particulate Matter/analysis, Maternal Exposure/adverse effects, Infant, Newborn, Cohort Studies",

author = "Quraishi, {Sabah M.} and Hazlehurst, {Marnie F.} and Loftus, {Christine T.} and Nguyen, {Ruby H.N.} and Barrett, {Emily S.} and Kaufman, {Joel D.} and Bush, {Nicole R.} and Karr, {Catherine J.} and LeWinn, {Kaja Z.} and Sheela Sathyanarayana and Tylavsky, {Frances A.} and Szpiro, {Adam A.} and Enquobahrie, {Daniel A.}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Adam Szpiro reports financial support was provided by University of Washington. Adam Szpiro reports a relationship with Health Effects Institute that includes: consulting or advisory. Adam Szpiro reports a relationship with Sonoma Technology Inc that includes: consulting or advisory. All other authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships.This work is a product of the ECHO PATHWAYS Consortium funded by NIH grants 1UG3OD023271-01 and 4UH3OD023271. CANDLE was also funded by the Urban Child Institute. TIDES is funded by NIH grants R01ES01686, 1 R01 ES25169, R01ES016863-02S4, and 3R01ES025169-04S1. This publication was developed under a STAR research assistance agreements, No. RD831697 (MESA Air) and RD-83830001 (MESA Air Next Stage), awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has not been formally reviewed by the EPA. The views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors and the EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. This research was also supported by P01AG055367 from the National Institute of Aging and by R01ES025888 the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). This work was supported in part by UW NIEHS sponsored Biostatistics, Epidemiologic and Bioinformatic Training in Environmental Health (BEBTEH) Training Grant: NIEHS T32ES015459. Lastly, the research reported in this publication was supported by the University of Washington EDGE Center of the National Institutes of Health under award number P30ES007033. This article was prepared while S.M.Q. was employed at the University of Washington. The opinions expressed in this article are the author's own and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. Funding Information: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Adam Szpiro reports financial support was provided by University of Washington . Adam Szpiro reports a relationship with Health Effects Institute that includes: consulting or advisory. Adam Szpiro reports a relationship with Sonoma Technology Inc that includes: consulting or advisory. All other authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships. Funding Information: This work is a product of the ECHO PATHWAYS Consortium funded by NIH grants 1UG3OD023271-01 and 4UH3OD023271 . CANDLE was also funded by the Urban Child Institute . TIDES is funded by NIH grants R01ES01686 , 1 R01 ES25169 , R01ES016863-02S4 , and 3R01ES025169-04S1 . This publication was developed under a STAR research assistance agreements, No. RD831697 (MESA Air) and RD-83830001 (MESA Air Next Stage), awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has not been formally reviewed by the EPA. The views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors and the EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. This research was also supported by P01AG055367 from the National Institute of Aging and by R01ES025888 the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) . This work was supported in part by UW NIEHS sponsored Biostatistics, Epidemiologic and Bioinformatic Training in Environmental Health (BEBTEH) Training Grant: NIEHS T32ES015459 . Lastly, the research reported in this publication was supported by the University of Washington EDGE Center of the National Institutes of Health under award number P30ES007033 . This article was prepared while S.M.Q. was employed at the University of Washington . The opinions expressed in this article are the author's own and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022",

year = "2022",

month = sep,

doi = "10.1016/j.envres.2022.113571",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "212",

journal = "Environmental Research",

issn = "0013-9351",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Association of prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution with adverse birth outcomes and effect modification by socioeconomic factors

AU - Quraishi, Sabah M.

AU - Hazlehurst, Marnie F.

AU - Loftus, Christine T.

AU - Nguyen, Ruby H.N.

AU - Barrett, Emily S.

AU - Kaufman, Joel D.

AU - Bush, Nicole R.

AU - Karr, Catherine J.

AU - LeWinn, Kaja Z.

AU - Sathyanarayana, Sheela

AU - Tylavsky, Frances A.

AU - Szpiro, Adam A.

AU - Enquobahrie, Daniel A.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Adam Szpiro reports financial support was provided by University of Washington. Adam Szpiro reports a relationship with Health Effects Institute that includes: consulting or advisory. Adam Szpiro reports a relationship with Sonoma Technology Inc that includes: consulting or advisory. All other authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships.This work is a product of the ECHO PATHWAYS Consortium funded by NIH grants 1UG3OD023271-01 and 4UH3OD023271. CANDLE was also funded by the Urban Child Institute. TIDES is funded by NIH grants R01ES01686, 1 R01 ES25169, R01ES016863-02S4, and 3R01ES025169-04S1. This publication was developed under a STAR research assistance agreements, No. RD831697 (MESA Air) and RD-83830001 (MESA Air Next Stage), awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has not been formally reviewed by the EPA. The views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors and the EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. This research was also supported by P01AG055367 from the National Institute of Aging and by R01ES025888 the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). This work was supported in part by UW NIEHS sponsored Biostatistics, Epidemiologic and Bioinformatic Training in Environmental Health (BEBTEH) Training Grant: NIEHS T32ES015459. Lastly, the research reported in this publication was supported by the University of Washington EDGE Center of the National Institutes of Health under award number P30ES007033. This article was prepared while S.M.Q. was employed at the University of Washington. The opinions expressed in this article are the author's own and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. Funding Information: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Adam Szpiro reports financial support was provided by University of Washington . Adam Szpiro reports a relationship with Health Effects Institute that includes: consulting or advisory. Adam Szpiro reports a relationship with Sonoma Technology Inc that includes: consulting or advisory. All other authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships. Funding Information: This work is a product of the ECHO PATHWAYS Consortium funded by NIH grants 1UG3OD023271-01 and 4UH3OD023271 . CANDLE was also funded by the Urban Child Institute . TIDES is funded by NIH grants R01ES01686 , 1 R01 ES25169 , R01ES016863-02S4 , and 3R01ES025169-04S1 . This publication was developed under a STAR research assistance agreements, No. RD831697 (MESA Air) and RD-83830001 (MESA Air Next Stage), awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has not been formally reviewed by the EPA. The views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors and the EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. This research was also supported by P01AG055367 from the National Institute of Aging and by R01ES025888 the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) . This work was supported in part by UW NIEHS sponsored Biostatistics, Epidemiologic and Bioinformatic Training in Environmental Health (BEBTEH) Training Grant: NIEHS T32ES015459 . Lastly, the research reported in this publication was supported by the University of Washington EDGE Center of the National Institutes of Health under award number P30ES007033 . This article was prepared while S.M.Q. was employed at the University of Washington . The opinions expressed in this article are the author's own and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. Publisher Copyright: © 2022

PY - 2022/9

Y1 - 2022/9

N2 - BACKGROUND: Maternal exposure to air pollution has been associated with birth outcomes; however, few studies examined biologically critical exposure windows shorter than trimesters or potential effect modifiers.OBJECTIVES: To examine associations of prenatal fine particulate matter (PM 2.5), by trimester and in biologically critical windows, with birth outcomes and assess potential effect modifiers. METHODS: This study used two pregnancy cohorts (CANDLE and TIDES; N = 2099) in the ECHO PATHWAYS Consortium. PM 2.5 was estimated at the maternal residence using a fine-scale spatiotemporal model, averaged over pregnancy, trimesters, and critical windows (0-2 weeks, 10-12 weeks, and last month of pregnancy). Outcomes were preterm birth (PTB, <37 completed weeks of gestation), small-for-gestational-age (SGA), and continuous birthweight. We fit multivariable adjusted linear regression models for birthweight and Poisson regression models (relative risk, RR) for PTB and SGA. Effect modification by socioeconomic factors (maternal education, household income, neighborhood deprivation) and infant sex were examined using interaction terms. RESULTS: Overall, 9% of births were PTB, 10.4% were SGA, and mean term birthweight was 3268 g (SD = 558.6). There was no association of PM 2.5 concentration with PTB or SGA. Lower birthweight was associated with higher PM 2.5 averaged over pregnancy (β -114.2, 95%CI -183.2, -45.3), during second (β -52.9, 95%CI -94.7, -11.2) and third (β -45.5, 95%CI -85.9, -5.0) trimesters, and the month prior to delivery (β -30.5, 95%CI -57.6, -3.3). Associations of PM 2.5 with likelihood of SGA and lower birthweight were stronger among male infants (p-interaction ≤0.05) and in those with lower household income (p-interaction = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this multi city U.S. birth cohort study support previous reports of inverse associations of birthweight with higher PM 2.5 exposure during pregnancy. Findings also suggest possible modification of this association by infant sex and household income.

AB - BACKGROUND: Maternal exposure to air pollution has been associated with birth outcomes; however, few studies examined biologically critical exposure windows shorter than trimesters or potential effect modifiers.OBJECTIVES: To examine associations of prenatal fine particulate matter (PM 2.5), by trimester and in biologically critical windows, with birth outcomes and assess potential effect modifiers. METHODS: This study used two pregnancy cohorts (CANDLE and TIDES; N = 2099) in the ECHO PATHWAYS Consortium. PM 2.5 was estimated at the maternal residence using a fine-scale spatiotemporal model, averaged over pregnancy, trimesters, and critical windows (0-2 weeks, 10-12 weeks, and last month of pregnancy). Outcomes were preterm birth (PTB, <37 completed weeks of gestation), small-for-gestational-age (SGA), and continuous birthweight. We fit multivariable adjusted linear regression models for birthweight and Poisson regression models (relative risk, RR) for PTB and SGA. Effect modification by socioeconomic factors (maternal education, household income, neighborhood deprivation) and infant sex were examined using interaction terms. RESULTS: Overall, 9% of births were PTB, 10.4% were SGA, and mean term birthweight was 3268 g (SD = 558.6). There was no association of PM 2.5 concentration with PTB or SGA. Lower birthweight was associated with higher PM 2.5 averaged over pregnancy (β -114.2, 95%CI -183.2, -45.3), during second (β -52.9, 95%CI -94.7, -11.2) and third (β -45.5, 95%CI -85.9, -5.0) trimesters, and the month prior to delivery (β -30.5, 95%CI -57.6, -3.3). Associations of PM 2.5 with likelihood of SGA and lower birthweight were stronger among male infants (p-interaction ≤0.05) and in those with lower household income (p-interaction = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this multi city U.S. birth cohort study support previous reports of inverse associations of birthweight with higher PM 2.5 exposure during pregnancy. Findings also suggest possible modification of this association by infant sex and household income.

KW - Air pollution

KW - Birth outcomes

KW - Birthweight

KW - Effect modification

KW - Fine particulate matter

KW - Prenatal exposure

KW - Preterm birth

KW - Humans

KW - Fetal Growth Retardation

KW - Male

KW - Premature Birth/chemically induced

KW - Air Pollution/adverse effects

KW - Socioeconomic Factors

KW - Pregnancy

KW - Birth Weight

KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/chemically induced

KW - Air Pollutants/analysis

KW - Female

KW - Particulate Matter/analysis

KW - Maternal Exposure/adverse effects

KW - Infant, Newborn

KW - Cohort Studies

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DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113571

M3 - Article

C2 - 35640705

AN - SCOPUS:85131676150

SN - 0013-9351

VL - 212

JO - Environmental Research

JF - Environmental Research

IS - Pt E

M1 - 113571

ER -

Association of prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution with adverse birth outcomes and effect modification by socioeconomic factors

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

PubMed: MeSH publication types

UN SDGs

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